Bio-Lectura is a scientific journal containing research articles in Biology education scope. Bio-Lectura is published twice a year (April and October) by Faculty of Education and Vocational Studies University of Lancang Kuning. Now, Bio-Lectura has been indexed by Google Scholar, Crossref, Dimensions, and has been accredited SINTA 4. e-ISSN :2598-2427 ; p-ISSN: 2339-241X
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VALIDITY AND PRACICALITY OF ANGIOSPERM E-MODULE WITH PROJECT BASED LEARNING MODEL CONTAINING RIAU MALAY TRADITIONAL HEALING ETHNOSCIENCE
The preparation of learning media that contains a learning model and local content that is relevant to the material is one of the strategic efforts in creating meaningful and contextual learning. This study aims to test the Validity and Practicality of the Angiospermae E-Module with the Project Based Learning model containing Ethnoscience of Riau Malay Healing Traditions. This study uses the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), which is limited to the Develop stage. The data collection instrument in the form of a questionnaire consisting of a validity questionnaire given to material experts, media experts, and language experts and a practicality questionnaire given to lecturers and students. Average validity result by material experts of 91%, media experts 90% and language experts 95%. The three validation aspects are included in the "Very Valid" category. The practicality results of the E-Module by lecturers were 92% and students 88%. The results from both respondents were in the "Very Practical" category.Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Angiospermae E-Module with a Project Based Learning Model containing Riau Malay Traditional Medicine Ethnoscience is feasible and practical to use in learning Angiospermae material.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bio-Lectura : Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.id
THE EFFECT OF LOCAL WISDOM-CONTAINED MODEL SETS ON ECOSYSTEM MATERIAL ON STUDENTS' CREATIVE THINKING
ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM OF THE AVAILABILITY OF LEARNING MEDIA IN BIOLOGY COURSES AT THE DARUT THOLIBIN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL
This study aims to analyze the issues regarding the availability of learning media in Biology subjects at Darut Tholibin Islamic Boarding School for the 2026 academic year. The lack of media variety and supporting facilities poses a major challenge in achieving ideal science learning within a pesantren environment. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection conducted through direct observation and semi-structured interviews with the Biology teacher. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the availability of learning media is still strictly limited and dominated by simple media such as printed images, diagrams, and whiteboards. Digital technology-based media (projectors) and three-dimensional (3D/models) media are inadequately available, and laboratory utilization remains suboptimal. These limitations have a systematic impact on the dominance of the lecture method, low visualization of abstract concepts, and uneven student engagement. This study concludes that the limited learning media at Darut Tholibin Islamic Boarding School causes learning patterns to be conventional and theoretical, preventing the optimal development of students' science process skills.
THE ROLE OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE IN SCIENCE LEARNING: A NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
The development of elementary school children's language skills is greatly influenced by memory function, particularly working memory and phonological memory, which play a role in storing and processing verbal information. This study aims to examine the relationship between memory capacity and language skills by synthesizing empirical research results from various recent studies. The method used is a systematic literature review with descriptive qualitative analysis based on a search of relevant scientific articles published within a specified year range. The synthesis results show a consistent relationship between memory function and language performance, indicating that higher memory capacity supports children's sentence comprehension, word production, syntactic processing, and inferential abilities. Several studies in the literature review demonstrate the effectiveness of memory training interventions in improving linguistic performance, especially in children with language barriers. The implications of this research indicate the importance of integrating memory stimulation into the language learning process in elementary schools and the need for a more targeted cognitive intervention approach to support children's language development and academic readiness.
COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE FUNCTION OF THE SCARECROW (SCR) GENE IN REGULATING QUIESCENT CENTRE AND LATERAL ROOT FORMATION IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
The SCARECROW (SCR) transcription factor is a crucial genetic component that regulates root tissue growth and differentiation in plants. This study aims to analyze the literature on the function of the SCARECROW gene in the formation of the quiescent centre (QC) and the process of lateral root development in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using a systematic literature review approach, various relevant scientific sources—including research journals, textbooks, and review articles—were examined to understand the molecular mechanisms involving SCARECROW. The analysis indicates that the SCR gene plays a key role in maintaining the activity and identity of stem cells surrounding the QC through interactions with other transcription factors such as SHORT-ROOT (SHR) and WOX5. Furthermore, SCR is also involved in the initiation and differentiation pattern of lateral roots, where it regulates the formation of the endodermal layer and new tissue organization that supports the establishment of the secondary QC. This review emphasizes the dual role of SCARECROW—as a regulator of tissue differentiation and as a guardian of meristem stability. Consequently, the findings provide valuable insights into the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, contributing to a broader understanding of plant developmental biology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bio-Lectura : Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.id
IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL BUGS (PENTATOMIDAE) ON RICE PLANTS (ORYZA SATIVA L.) FROM SOLOK CITY, WEST SUMATRA
ABSTRACT: Soil bugs or rice black bugs are one of the insects that like to suck rice plants. These insects suck rice plants in the vegetative and generative phases and have caused huge economic losses. This research aims to identify and study the appropriate of Soil Bugs species from several rice fields in Lubuk Sikarah District, Solok City, West Sumatra. This research uses a sampling method using light traps at night. Morphological identification of rice black bug samples using a light microscope with the weakest magnification (4x10). The results showed that there were five species of soil bugs obtained, namely Scotinophara coarctata, S. zamboanga, S. trifurcata, S. alegria and S. manguindanaoana. Soil bugs are more commonly found in generative rice plants due to the suitability of food and environmental factors. The amount of S. coarctata are the most dominant because it is the most phytophagous of other species of rice black bugs. The characteristics of soil bugs observed were different distance between the ocelli, length of the third and fourth segments on the antennae, shape of the tubercle antiniferous, shape of the anterolateral pronotum, in the amount and shape of longitudinal veins and closed marginal cells in the forewing venation and different shape of abdominal tergit X.
GROWTH, LEAF ANATOMY AND MERCURY UPTAKE IN AZOLLA PINNATA AND AZOLLA FILICULOIDES
Azolla pinnata and Azolla filiculoides can be used as heavy metal phytoremediators, but A. pinnata is not a hyperaccumulator. Plant response to heavy metals is not only seen from the ability to accumulate heavy metals, but also from the aspects of growth and changes in plant tissue structure. This study aimed to evaluate the development, leaf anatomy, and ability to absorb mercury in Azolla with non-hyperaccumulator and hyperaccumulator characters. The study was conducted by growing A. pinnata and A. filiculoides in containers containing 5 L of hydroponic solution that was either mercury-free or polluted with mercury at a concentration of 0.5 ppm. The results showed that A. filiculoides showed better tolerance and physiological adaptation to mercury contamination compared to A. pinnata, which experienced a decrease in biomass due to low detoxification ability. The detoxification ability of A. filiculoides is also supported by the anatomical adaptation in the form of leaf mesophyll thickening. Although A. pinnata absorbed more mercury, its inability to overcome toxic effects reflected different adaptation strategies. The ability of A. filiculoides to store mercury without disturbing its physiology shows its potential as a promising phytoremediation agent.
DEVELOPING EXPERIENTIAL-BASED TEACHING MATERIALS EXPLORING THE SURROUNDING NATURE IN HIGHER PLANTS SYSTEMATICS
Indonesia's biodiversity continues to decline annually. One of the causes is the increase in tourist areas that ignore ecological values, reduce green open spaces, and only focus on economic gain. Learning can utilize local potential with the Natural Exploration model in the surrounding area so that students not only learn about plant diversity from books but also have knowledge and sensitivity to the surrounding environment. In the higher plant systematics course, an outdoor learning model is applied so that learning objectives can be achieved. Based on observations made in the higher plant systematics course, data was obtained that learning has not utilized existing local potential and still refers to textbooks with general material about plants. Furthermore, in the Biology Education Study Program at Pasir Pengaraian University, there is no E-Module based on local plants using the Experiential Natural Exploration (EJAS) model. The purpose of this study is to develop teaching materials for the higher plant systematics course based on EJAS. The method used in this study is development research with the ADDIE model. The results of this study obtained that the e-module based on experiential exploration of the surrounding nature (EJAS) for the higher plant systematics course was overall very suitable for use with an average value of 90.4%.
NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPING AN INTEGRATED ETHNOSCIENCE BLENDED LEARNING INQUIRY MODEL IN THE BIOLOGY EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
One of the learning models that is still being implemented after the pandemic ends is blended learning. This study aims to analyze the needs of developing an Inquiry Blended Learning model integrated with ethnoscience in the biology education study program, Lancang Kuning University. The needs analysis in the development of this ethnoscience integrated Inquiry Blended Learning model is in the define phase in the 4D model development research (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The method used is descriptive qualitative. The research instrument used was a questionnaire to analyze the needs of educators and students for the development of an inquiry blended learning model integrated with ethnoscience. The results showed the level of importance of this learning development obtained a kappa moment score from the student response of 0.90 and 0.81 (Very high category) from the lecturer's response. Based on these results it can be concluded that the development of Inquiry Blended Learning integrated with Ethnoscience is needed by students and lecturers in the Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Education and Vocational Education.
EFFECTIVITNESS OF SETS MODEL WITH LOCAL WISDOM ON CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS IN BIOLOGY LEARNING
The 21st century demands that learning in schools must be able to encourage students to develop their critical and creative thinking skills in order to be able to compete in the global world. But on the other hand, it is also expected that students do not forget their national identity. So that biology material in schools that is very closely related to the surrounding environment needs to be linked to existing local wisdom. Therefore, an appropriate learning strategy is needed to accommodate all these interests. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the SETS (Science Environment Technology Society) model containing local wisdom on creative thinking skills in environmental material. Using quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The population is all students of class X SMAN 7 Pekanbaru with a sample of two classes taken randomly. Data were collected through tests with multiple-choice test instruments. Data analysis with parametric t-test statistics. The results of the study showed that the average N-Gain of the control class was 0.46 (moderate) and the experimental class was 0.51 (moderate). The results of the N-Gain t-test obtained a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.000<0.05 then reject Ho. This means that the application of SETS learning containing local wisdom is effective in increasing students' creative thinking skills. ABSTRAK Abad 21 menuntut pembelajaran disekolah harus mampu mendorong siswa untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kreatifnya agar mampu bersaing di dunia global. Tapi disisi lain juga diharapkan agar siswa tidak melupakan jati diri bangsanya. Sehingga materi biologi di sekolah yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan lingkungan sekitar perlu dikaitkan dengan kearifan lokal yang ada. Oleh karena itu perlu strategi pembelajaran yang tepat untuk mengakomodir semua kepentingan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas model SETS (Science Environment Tecnology Society) bermuatan kearifan lokal terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif pada materi lingkungan. Menggunakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain Snonequivalen pretes-posttest control group. Populasi semua siswa kelas X SMAN 7 Pekanbaru dengan sampel dua kelas yang diambil csecara random. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes dengan instrument soal tes pilihan ganda. Analsis data dengan statistic parametric uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata N-Gain kelas kontrol sebesar 0,46 (sedang) dan kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,51 (sedang). Hasil uji-t N-Gain diperoleh nilai sig. (2-tailed) 0,000<0,05 maka tolak Ho. Artinya penerapan pembelajaran SETS bermuatan kearifan lokal efektif meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS ON PLANT DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION AND ITS REGULATION MECHANISMS
Plant development involves the results of complex interactions between genetic regulation, hormones, and environmental responses. This article aims to provide an analysis of plant development coordination and its regulatory mechanisms, to reveal how plants coordinate their growth and adapt to dynamic environments. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach using a systematic literature review method to identify, classify, and analyze. Article searches were carried out through various scientific databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and pubmed. Plant development coordination involves complex growth and differentiation processes. Starting with germination triggered by water and enzyme activity, followed by primary growth through apical meristems that produce plant organs (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds) and secondary growth, which involves lateral meristems that cause thickening of stems and roots. In addition, genetic regulation functions as a mechanism that allows plants to grow, develop, and respond to the environment effectively. Hormones such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid work together to regulate growth and stress responses. Plants can also remember previous stress through epigenetic modifications to increase their resilience to repeated stress. All of these systems allow plants to adapt and survive in changing environmental conditions.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS OF PHYLOTAXIS PATTERN VARIATION IN PLANTS: SYMMETRY, CLASSIFICATION, AND SPECIES REPRESENTATION
Phyllotaxis, or the pattern of leaf arrangement along a plant stem, plays a crucial role in physiological efficiency and morphological adaptation. This study aims to examine the variation in phyllotactic patterns among plants, identify their relationship with morphological symmetry, and provide examples of species that exhibit each pattern. Through a systematic literature review method, various relevant scientific sources on phyllotaxis and leaf morphological symmetry were analyzed, including journals, textbooks, and previous review articles. The analysis revealed two main categories of phyllotaxis: alternate and whorled. In alternate phyllotaxis, patterns such as distichous, spiral, semidecussate, and orixate arrangements were identified, whereas whorled phyllotaxis included decussate, tricussate, and tetracussate patterns. Each pattern exhibits distinct symmetry characteristics, including reflection, rotational, and spiral symmetries. The study also found that variations in phyllotactic patterns demonstrate profound geometric regularities, which are associated with plant adaptive strategies for light capture and internal resource distribution. This review provides new insights into the understanding of phyllotaxis in the context of morphological geometry and the distribution of plant species exhibiting each pattern.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bio-Lectura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.id
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF STEM CELL MAINTENANCE IN PLANT MERISTEMS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Plant meristems harbor stem cells that maintain their capacity for self-renewal while generating daughter cells that differentiate into various tissues and organs. This delicate balance between self-renewal and differentiation is governed by complex molecular and cellular mechanisms. This literature review synthesizes recent advances in understanding the regulatory networks controlling stem cell maintenance in plant meristems, focusing on the shoot apical meristem (SAM), root apical meristem (RAM), and cambium. The review examines key signaling pathways, transcriptional networks, epigenetic regulation, hormonal control, and cellular communication mechanisms that coordinate stem cell maintenance. Recent technological advances in single-cell sequencing, live imaging, and computational modeling have revealed unprecedented insights into meristem function. Understanding these mechanisms has important implications for crop improvement, sustainable agriculture, and plant adaptation to changing environments. This comprehensive review integrates findings from over 50 recent studies to provide a current understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of plant stem cell maintenance
THE POTENTIAL OF SHRIMP SHELL EXTRACT AND SOURSOP LEAVES AS AN ANTIDIABETES AGENT IN MICE
Blood glucose levels that remain high over a prolonged period can increase the risk of diseases such as diabetes. Astaxanthin and chitosan from whiteleg shrimp shells and flavonoids from soursop leaves have the potential to lower blood sugar by enhancing insulin sensitivity and inhibiting glucose absorption. This study aimed to assess the potential of shrimp shell extract (SSE) and soursop leaf extract (SLE) as antidiabetic agents in mice. A completely randomized design (CRD) experiment was conducted using 24 male mice (body weight 20-30 g, aged 3-4 months). Twenty mice were induced with hyperglycemia using alloxan at 150 mg/kg body weight, while four mice served as the control. Mice were divided into 6 groups (4 mice each): K1 (control), K2 (Alloxan induction), K3 (SSE 37.5 mg/kg BW), K4 (SSE 42.5 mg/kg BW), K5 (SLE 350 mg/kg BW), K6 (SLE 450 mg/kg BW). Treatments were administered for 14 days, and blood glucose levels were measured on Day 0 and Day 14 using a glucometer strip test. Results showed the highest blood glucose reduction in group K4 (83.81%). Normality and homogeneity tests indicated the data were normal and homogeneous (P>0.05). One-way ANOVA analysis (Fhit α=0.01 > Ftab, 9.53 > 4.25, P<0.01) revealed that SSE and SLE had a very significant effect as antidiabetic agents in lowering mice blood glucose levels. Duncan's post-hoc test confirmed K4 and K6 as the most significant groups. It can be concluded that SSE (42.5 mg/kg BW) and SLE (450 mg/kg BW) are effective in lowering blood glucose levels in mice and hold potential to be developed as antidiabetic agents for managing diabetes mellitus.
ANALYSIS OF ABILITY AND DETERMINANT FACTORS AT THE FLOWERING STAGE
In every higher plant, there will be a change from vegetative to generative. In this change, a series of new structures will be formed, namely flowers. Flowers are an expression of genes that were not previously expressed. The flowering stage is one of the stages of the development phase that needs to be considered in plants. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the factors that influence the flowering stage. This study aims to determine the factors that influence flowering. The method used in this article is through journal reviews. The number of journal articles reviewed and analyzed was 15 journal articles that had relevant topics. Then the results of the study are presented in descriptive form and presented in a table. Based on the results of the literature review, it is known that there are many factors that influence the flowering stage, including temperature and humidity, paclobutrazol, the influence of auxin and gibberellin growth regulators, types of containers and fertilizer concentrations, photoperiods, various types of fertilizers, eco enzymes and pinching.
THE EFFECT OF THE SCRAMBLE METHOD BASED ON QUESTION CARDS ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES ON THE MATERIAL OF PLANTS AS A SOURCE OF LIFE ON EARTH IN GRADE IV OF INPRES TOUNWAWAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
This research was initiated because student learning outcomes were not yet optimal in science and science lessons on Plants, the Source of Life on Earth, one of the important materials in science and science subjects in elementary schools. This material contains basic concepts about the role of plants in ecosystems and human life. However, students often have difficulty understanding this material because of the limited interactive learning methods. The question card-based scramble method is proposed as a learning approach to improve student learning outcomes. This method involves using question cards containing queries or information that students need to rearrange according to the correct concept. This research aimed to determine the effect of the question card-based scramble method on the materials of Plants, Sources of Life on Earth, and class IV at SD Inpres Tounwawan. This research uses a pre-experimental quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. In this design, one group of subjects is given a pretest to determine the condition before treatment, followed by a posttest to measure changes after the treatment is given. Based on the data that has been collected from the results of data analysis on student test results in the pretest, it is still relatively low because they have not met the minimum completion criteria score, namely 65. Of the total 20 students, only 1 student meets the minimum completeness criteria. Based on the posttest results of class IV students, all of them have passed the minimum completion criteria score and reached 83%. Based on the T-test table above, the sig value can be explained. (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05, then there is an influence of the scramble method on learning outcomes for science material.
ETHNOSCIENCE STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF MAKING ADEM POWDER AS A SCIENCE LEARNING RESOURCE IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Natural Sciences (Science) has a significant role in improving students' ability to understand various natural events around them, including in the context of junior high school science material. This study aims to explore the process of making traditional cooling powder as a source of science learning (IPA) based on ethnoscience for junior high school students. The research was conducted in Kandangmas Village, Kudus, using a qualitative descriptive method. The main source was a traditional midwife with expertise in creating cooling powder from key ingredients such as rice, turmeric, and aromatic ginger (kencur). The stages include soaking, grinding, mixing, shaping, and drying. This study links the process to science concepts, such as changes in the state of matter, frictional force, pressure, density, and heat transfer. The results indicate that integrating local wisdom with scientific concepts can enhance students’ understanding of science through cultural context. This approach also strengthens the preservation of local cultural heritage while fostering students’ love for their culture and national identity. Utilizing ethnoscience in education provides meaningful, relevant, and contextual learning experiences. Therefore, a culturally-based science learning approach can offer innovative solutions to improve student engagement and preserve local knowledge amidst globalization challenges.
EMPOWERING FUTURE HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO MICROBIOLOGY TESTING FOR VOCATIONAL STUDENTS
Vocational high schools (SMK) are formal educational institutions that play a crucial role in preparing students to be better prepared to face future challenges. Specific training or skills programs in certain fields, such as health, can be provided to students as provisions before entering the workforce. By providing a deeper understanding of microbiology testing from an early age, health vocational school graduates can be better prepared to face industry demands and actively improve safety standards in the health care sector. The safety and effectiveness of medical devices are highly dependent on microbiological control. The curriculum provides students with critical skills and insights related to microbiological testing on various medical devices. The manufacturing process of medical devices, especially Class II and III devices, requires a high level of sterility since they interact with blood, vessels, or internal organs of the human body. Therefore, microbiological testing is essential to ensure sterility. This review analyzes various microbiological testing methods used to ensure the safety of medical devices, focusing on Sterility Testing, Bioburden Testing, and Endotoxin Testing. The purpose of this review article is to provide information on microbiological tests applicable to sterile product evaluation. The method used in this study involves a literature review of Indonesian National Standards (SNI), Indonesian Pharmacopoeia (FI), and international journals. Various studies indicate that sterility testing is performed to ensure that medical device products are free from microbial contamination after sterilization treatment with ethylene oxide (EO) machines. Meanwhile, Bioburden Testing is conducted to determine the bacterial load on Medical Devices before sterilization with EO machines. Endotoxin Testing aims to ensure that Medical Devices are free from bacteria, particularly Gram-negative bacteria, which are pyrogenic and produce toxins in the body.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DEVELOPING VIDEOS ON VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES AS A MEANS OF ENHANCING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
Education has a very important role, without education the young generation today will not be able to compete in the international world. Video is a media development that presents audio and visuals containing concepts, principles, mechanisms, theories of knowledge applications to help students' understanding towards learning materials so that the use of learning media supported by technology can improve skills and learning outcomes of students. This study was conducted at MTs Jabalnur Kandis. Biology subjects in the even semester start from May 20, 2023 until completion. This study shows that the average value of student learning outcomes before treatment for the experimental class was 56.7 in the medium category and the control class was 55.1 in the low category. After the provision of learning videos, the experimental class increased the average learning interest of the experimental class to 81.9 in the high category and the control class to 62.8. The n-Gain in the experimental class was 0.58 in the medium category, while the control class n-Gain obtained was 0.17 in the low category.
DESIGN OF COLLABORATIVE AND PARTICIPATORY LEARNING MODELS IN MICROTEACHING COURSE
Higher education performance measured using Indikator Kinerja Utama (IKU). The existence of these indicators will accelerate the transformation of higher education so that it is adaptive and globally competitive. IKU 7 where learning activities in the classroom must implement collaborative and participatory learning. The research objective is to develop a microteaching lesson study course model design that accommodates collaborative and participatory learning. This research is development research using a 4D model consisting of the Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate stages. The research results obtained a validity coefficient of 1.0, including the very high validation category, the development of a valid instrument and can be used in data collection. Microteaching lesson study is a model for improving the quality of prospective teachers by implementing three stages of lesson study (plan, do, see) in learning microteaching courses. To accommodate collaborative and participatory learning in microteaching courses, assignment activities are directed using the case method and team-based project.
EXPLORING THE FEEDING PATTERNS OF SIAMANGS: BEHAVIOR AND FOOD PREFERENCES IN ZOO ENVIRONMENTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO BIOLOGY EDUCATION
The siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus), an endemic primate of Indonesia, is critically endangered due to hunting and habitat destruction and is now predominantly found in conservation areas. This study aims to analyze the feeding behavior and food preferences of siamangs in the zoo, evaluate the suitability of the ex-situ diet composition compared to their natural diet, and assess its contribution to biology education. The research methods included 480 hours of feeding behaviour observation using scan sampling, descriptive data analysis, and Pearson correlation tests. The results indicate that the siamang's diet in zoos is dominated by fruit (53.88% for males and 56.38% for females), followed by leaves and supplementary foods such as tubers and biscuits. The dietary composition is similar to studies conducted in their natural habitat, although the variety of zoo food is more limited. Adjustments to the feeding menu, such as hanging food at elevated locations and increasing the variety of local fruits, could support the siamangs' natural feeding behaviours. In conclusion, the feeding patterns of siamangs in zoos largely align with their natural behaviour as frugivores, although improvements in feeding methods and dietary variety are needed. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of aligning ex-situ conditions with natural habitats to support animal welfare and conservation programs while also strengthening the role of zoos as centres for education and biodiversity preservation.
EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROCESS STANDARDS IN THE 2013 CURRICULUM IN BIOLOGY LEARNING AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN KUNINGAN REGENCY
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of process standards in the 2013 Curriculum in Biology learning at the senior high school level in Kuningan Regency. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a purposive sampling technique, involving six schools with one Biology teacher representing each school as respondents. Data were collected through observations, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The findings indicate that most schools have developed lesson plans (RPP) following Circular Letter No. 14 of 2019, yet the actual implementation in the learning process does not fully align with the initial planning. The scientific approach has not been optimally applied, particularly in questioning and developing students' critical thinking skills. The primary challenges faced by teachers include limited learning media, difficulties in implementing scientific-based methods, and low student engagement in online learning. Additionally, the introductory and closing activities need improvement, particularly in terms of student motivation, reflection, and feedback. Therefore, strengthening scientific-based learning strategies, utilizing technology more effectively, and providing teacher training are essential to enhancing the effectiveness of Biology learning under the 2013 Curriculum
INTEGRATING CONSERVATION EDUCATION IN BIOLOGY: COMMUNITY AWARENESS OF LONG-TAILED MACAQUE CONSERVATION
Ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss in Indonesia are often driven by a lack of public awareness regarding conservation. One species significantly affected is the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), whose population is threatened by habitat changes and human interactions. This study aims to compare the conservation awareness of communities in Babakan Subdistrict (Plangon), Cirebon, and Purwasari Village, Kuningan, to support conservation education integration into Biology learning. A quantitative descriptive method with a survey technique was used, collecting data through validated and reliable questionnaires. The respondents consisted of 40 individuals from each research location. Data analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test to examine differences in conservation understanding between the two communities. The findings revealed significant differences, with the Babakan Subdistrict (Plangon) community exhibiting a higher level of conservation awareness than the Purwasari Village community. This difference is likely influenced by Plangon's role as an educational tourism site, which indirectly enhances conservation awareness. The study concludes that conservation understanding can be improved through educational programs integrated into Biology learning and community activities. Therefore, it is recommended to implement more intensive and collaborative conservation education programs at the community, school, and local government levels to enhance environmental awareness
UNDERSTANDING OF ECOTOURISM IN KAMPUNG PATIN VILLAGE, KAMPAR REGENCY, AS A BIOLOGY LEARNING FOR STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 2 XIII KOTO KAMPAR
Learning about ecotourism is essential as it promotes environmental awareness, fosters sustainable practices, and empowers communities to protect natural and cultural resources for future generations. This study aims to explore the understanding of ecotourism in Kampung Patin Village, Kampar Regency, as a biology learning medium for students of SMA Negeri 2 XIII Koto Kampar. The study adopts a descriptive quantitative approach, using questionnaires, interviews, and observations to collect data from 30 students in grade XII who participated in a field trip to Kampung Patin. The findings indicate that the students have a good understanding of the ecotourism concepts observed in the village, with an average score of 80.5%. Students demonstrated strong comprehension of ecosystem concepts (85%), environmental awareness (78%), and the benefits of ecotourism-based learning (79%). The field trip activities, including ecosystem observation, identification of local biodiversity, and discussions about environmental impacts, were highly engaging and effective in enhancing students' learning experiences. The results suggest that Kampung Patin Village is a valuable resource for biology education, providing a contextual and interactive learning environment that promotes both cognitive and affective development. The study concludes that integrating ecotourism into biology education offers a promising approach to improve students' understanding of biological concepts and environmental conservation.
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DAYAK MEDICINAL PLANTS AS A SOURCE FOR LEARNING BIOLOGY ON BIODIVERSITY MATERIALS FOR CLASS X SMA
This study aims to develop an encyclopaedia of Dayak medicinal plants in biodiversity material for class X SMA/MA and determine the validity of the products developed. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) study that uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research instruments are in the form of interview sheets, quality assessment questionnaires in the form of checklists using a Likert scale. The assessment was carried out by one material expert, one media expert, one science teacher and 25 grade X students. The results showed that the quality of the encyclopedias developed was in the very valid category according to material experts with a percentage of ideality of 98%; media experts 99% and science teachers 99%. The student response received a very valid category with an idealized percentage of 89.19%. Products that have been developed need to be implemented in order to determine the validity of the product, so that the encyclopedia product can be used as one of the learning resources for class X SMA / MA students.
ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED WETLAND ECOSYSTEM E-MODULE OF STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CARE ATTITUDE
This research aims to see the validity and practicality of the Wetland Ecosystem E-module which integrates students' critical thinking skills and environmental care attitudes. This type of research is research and development with the PLOMP development model. This research was carried out at the Biology Education Masters Program, FKIP, Riau University. The instruments used are validation questionnaire sheets by material experts, media experts and pedagogy experts, as well as practicality questionnaire sheets. The validity results show that overall the e-module that has been developed obtained an average score of 80.25% which is categorized as valid. The validation results for material experts were 78% in the valid category, 78.75% for media experts in the valid category, and 84% for pedagogical experts in the very valid category. Practicality was assessed based on three aspects, namely ease of use, time efficiency and benefits, with an average score of 93% obtained in the very practical category. The average score for the ease of use aspect was 97%, the time efficiency aspect was 93.46% and the benefits aspect was 96.05%. The conclusion of this research is that the Wetland Ecosystem E-module integrated with students' critical thinking skills and environmental care attitudes is declared valid and practical, so that it can be used as electronic teaching material in wetland ecosystem material in environmental science and disaster mitigation courses.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF E-BOOKLET COORDINATION SYSTEM ON LEARNING OUTCOMES OF PHASE F STUDENTS AT SMAN 13 PADANG
The development of learning tools is an integral part of innovation in education. Learning tools are designed to enhance the learning experience, facilitate understanding of complex concepts, and promote active engagement in a variety of learning processes. Learning tools that are often developed by students are learning resources. E-booklets are a learning resource that is quite promising, considering the complexity of the material that must be delivered and the need to keep up with technological developments which are very important. Even so, research on the effectiveness of using e-booklet coordination systems on student learning outcomes is still limited. Facing these dynamics, strong empirical evidence is needed about the effectiveness of using e-booklets in improving student learning outcomes. This research aims to fill the knowledge gap by evaluating in detail the extent of the effectiveness of using e-booklet coordination systems on student learning outcomes. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a Posttest-only control group design research design using purposive sampling techniques. The learning outcomes of the group that received treatment using the e-booklet coordination system in learning activities were higher than the group without treatment using the e-booklet coordination system. Based on field facts and various existing considerations, it can be said that learning using e-booklets is more effective for learning outcomes when compared to without using e-booklets. It can be concluded that the difference in treatment between the experimental class and the control class had a very significant effect.
ANALYSIS OF AI USAGE IN BIOLOGY EDUCATION IN THE 5.0 ERA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON STUDENTS' PERSPECTIVES
The Society 5.0 era places technology as a key element in improving the quality of life, including in the field of education. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) has become one of the increasingly used technologies by students to support the learning process. This study aims to analyze the use of AI, particularly ChatGPT, in the learning process of fifth-semester Biology Education students at IAIN Kerinci. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews conducted online using Google Forms. The results of the study show that the majority of students have used ChatGPT in their academic activities and have experienced significant benefits in terms of accelerating understanding of materials, completing assignments, and reducing workload. However, this research also identifies several challenges in using AI, such as the inaccuracy of answers and the lack of adequate reference sources. Nevertheless, students remain critical and do not fully rely on AI, instead, they use it as a tool that complements traditional learning methods. With further development, AI has great potential to enhance learning effectiveness in the academic environment.
The Influence OF THE TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) MODEL ACCOMPANIED BY MIX AND MATCH MEDIA ON THE INTERESTS AND COGNITIVE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT GENDERS AT IHSANUL FIKRI MUNGKID HIGH SCHOOL ON HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM MATERIAL.
This study investigated the effect of the Team Games Tournament (TGT) model with mix and match media on cognitive learning outcomes and interest in human reproduction among students of different genders at SMA IT Ihsanul Fikri Mungkid. Quantitative methods with a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was employed. The sample consisted of class XI male and female students, with the fourth class totaling 144 students as the experimental class and control class. Results showed no significant difference in cognitive learning outcomes and interest between the TGT model with mix and match media and traditional methods across genders, although the experimental group had a higher average score than the control group. the results of the final percentage of interest for the experiment and control women were 44% very high and 54% moderate. Final interest in experimental and control men was 61% very high and 44% moderate. The study concludes that the TGT model with mix and match media does not significantly influence cognitive learning outcomes and interest in human reproduction among students of different genders at SMA IT Ihsanul Fikri Mungkid.
Students' learning interests and cognitive learning outcomes with different genders
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ANGIOSPERMS FOUND IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AS A SOURCE FOR LEARNING MATERIALS PLANTAE OF CLASS X STUDENTS OF SMAN 4 SUNGAI RAYA
Effective, interesting and enjoyable learning requires tools to support successful learning which are interrelated, namely teaching, learning activities and learning resources. Learning resources are a very important factor to support success in the learning process. The aim of this research is to determine the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the angiosperm encyclopedia found in the school environment as a source of learning plant material for class X students at SMAN 4 Sungai Raya. The research method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the 1974 Thiagarajan 4D research design (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate). The data collection techniques used are measurement techniques and indirect communication techniques, instruments used include validation sheets, response questionnaires, and pretest posttest questions. The sample in the research used a Purposive Sampling technique, namely with a class X B population. The data analysis technique used was a test of validity, practicality and effectiveness. The validity results in this study were 88.38%, practicality 96.02%, the effectiveness obtained was an N-Gain value of 0.69 in the medium category.