ELT-Lectura
type: channel
description: ELT-Lectura is a biannual publication journal published in the months of February and August; it presents articles on English Language Teaching (ELT), whether as a second, additional, or foreign language, or as an international Lingua Franca. The Journal links the everyday concerns of practitioners with insights gained from relevant academis dissciplines e- ISSN 2550-0724 P-ISSN 2338-8560
publisher: Universitas Lancang Kuning
language: en
publication name: ELT-Lectura
issn: 2338-8560
copyright: Please find rights and licenses in ELT-Lectura Studies and Perspective in English Language Teaching. By submitting articles / article manuscripts, the author agrees to this policy. No special documents required. 1. License Use of articles will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA) 2. Author(s)' Warranties The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s). 3. User Rights ELT-Lectura Studies and Perspective in English Language Teaching's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, Halaman Olahraga Nusantara permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work. Users will also need to attribute authors and ELT-Lectura Studies and Perspective in English Language Teaching on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications. 4. Rights of Authors Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights; 1. Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights, 2. The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books, 3. The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, 4. The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal ELT-Lectura Studies and Perspective in English La…
items: Students' Voices: Using ChatGPT in Learning English
items: Speaking, How To Improve This Competence? An Exploration Of Individual performance Task in Speaking Class
items: The Effect Of ESP Courses On Students' Achievement Of Coherence In General Academic Writing Tasks
items: Grit in L2 Educational Contexts: A Scoping Review
items: The Effect of Story Face Strategy Towards Students' Reading Comprehension of Recount Text
items: The Correlation Between Students’ Silent Reading Technique Habits and Their Reading Comprehension
items: Correlation Between Habit in Watching English Movies and Vocabulary Mastery of Grade VIII Students at Junior High School Palu
items: Role of Theme-Rheme Analysis in Developing Academic Literacy Skills in Senior High School Students in Pringsewu
items: Mastering English Grammar through the Implementation of Interactive Grammar Game Applications in English Classes
items: Improving English Vocabulary Through Word Chain Game in an Inclusive School in Bandar Lampung
items: The Steps to Master Listening Skills through the Use of the Independent Dimension-Based Listen English Daily Practice Application Through the Pancasila Student Profile Scheme
items: Assessing EFL Learners' Speaking Self-Efficacy in English Language Education Program Universitas Lancang Kuning
items: Classroomscreen's Timer and Work Symbols Widgets
items: The Development of E-Learning Material of English for Tourism for Tourism Personnel in Labuan Bajo
items: Maintaining Students' Performance through Exhibition: Reporting Project of English Instructional Technologies course
items: Photovoice in the EFL classroom: Academic stress coping among Indonesian Pre-Service English teachers during online learning
items: The Relationship between Study Habits and Academic Achievement in English Education Study Program at Baturaja University
items: The Effectiveness of Google Sites in Differentiated Instruction to Increase Students’ Learning Motivation and Reading Comprehension on English Narrative Texts
items: Exploring the Effectiveness of Digital Reading Platforms in Developing Reading Comprehension Skills
items: Literature Circles and Jam Board: Interactive Ways to Comprehend Young Adult Literature
items: Comparison of Intrinsic Elements of Indonesian and German Children's Literature to Enrich Character Education for Indonesian Children
items: Enhancing Digital Literacy through the Role of YouTube in English Phonology Class: Students’ Perception
items: The Correlation between Motivational Regulation Strategies and Students’ Writing Ability
items: The Development of English Learning Video to Enhance Students’ Reading Comprehension Skill
items: The use of vodcasting in improving students' speaking skills
items: International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Standards For EFL Students as 21st Century Skills
items: Errors Analysis: Students’ Pronunciation Assessment through IPA Application
items: Challenging The Students by Using Video Movie to Improve Students’ Vocabulary on Independent Curriculum
items: The Development of Personal Letter Material Through Flipbook to Enhance Students Reading Comprehension
items: The Implementation of Cambridge Curriculum in English Learning at SMP Lazuardi Tursina

Students' Voices: Using ChatGPT in Learning English
type: item
description: Abstract: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has brought sophisticated tools such as ChatGPT into the education sector, sparking increased curiosity and inquiries about their possible roles in learning a second language. This qualitative study utilizes a phenomenological framework to examine the personal experiences of university students learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at the English Department of the State Islamic Institute of Kerinci, Indonesia. The research examines how learners use ChatGPT as a supplementary tool to enhance their English proficiency within the framework of contemporary digital education. Data were gathered via in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 16 undergraduate EFL students and were thematically analyzed to uncover recurring patterns, themes, and insights about their experiences. The results indicate that students view ChatGPT as a beneficial aid and a possible obstacle in their English learning journey. Students prominently pointed out its contribution to improving their writing assignments, increasing vocabulary, enhancing listening and speaking skills, and providing a variety of accessible learning resources. Additionally, the immediate feedback and real-time support from ChatGPT were viewed as beneficial for practicing grammar and sentence formation. Nonetheless, worries were expressed regarding the precision of the information shared, the danger of overdependence on AI technologies, and the absence of individualized engagement that conventional educators provide. This study highlights that although ChatGPT can serve as a beneficial ally in language learning, successful incorporation demands critical analysis, explicit guidelines, and supportive teaching from educators to ensure its advantages are utilized responsibly.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelegence
  topic: keywords
subject: ChatGPT
  topic: keywords
subject: English Language Teaching
  topic: keywords
creator: Anisha Pradilla Firdes
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anisha Pradilla Firdes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
doi: 10.31849/9yvvmy21

Speaking, How To Improve This Competence? An Exploration Of Individual performance Task in Speaking Class
type: item
description: Abstract The aim of this research is to know individual performance task improving students’ speaking skill in speaking class. Qualitative is the method of this research. Descriptive qualitative is presented in form table and diagram data. The samples of this research are students in speaking class one of the Universities in Bandar Lampung. There are 17 students who take speaking class. The data collecting technique used interviewed and documentation. The interviewed is used in this research in gaining the students’ opinion after doing speaking class using individual performance task. This research used unstructured interviewed. There are 13 questions as guide questions have given to the students. The documentation also used in this research that the score of speaking class.The result of interviewed there were 82% students improve in students’ self-confidence. 76% students claimed that they get improve in speaking technical skill. Learning independence of students also improve at 64% in percentage scale. The highest significant improvement is at learning strategies, there were 94% in percentage scale.Task effectiveness also one of issues got improving 70% in percentage scale. Task challenge was 58% in percentage scale. Hope and suggestion of students got 35% in percentage scale. Meanwhile, based on the documentation speaking score before and after doing individual performance task there were 21% improving of students’ speaking score. All of the data above, it can be shown that individual performance task can improve speaking skill in speaking class.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Individual Speaking Task, Speaking Class
  topic: keywords
creator: Dyah sih pratiwi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dyah sih pratiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-28
publication date: 2025-08-28
doi: 10.31849/y64ybg48

The Effect Of ESP Courses On Students' Achievement Of Coherence In General Academic Writing Tasks
type: item
description: It has been observed that when students do writing tasks on general topics in English, their writings tend to have a poor content and weak coherence. On the other hand, when students do writing tasks on ESP topics, their writings tend to exhibit a good coherence , a rich content and a variety in the use of jargon based vocabulary. The purpose of this study is to help students produce cohesive and coherent English texts by integrating their ESP writing skills with those of general English writing skills.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: ranwa Khorsheed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 ranwa Khorsheed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
doi: 10.31849/7xckn313

Grit in L2 Educational Contexts: A Scoping Review
type: item
description: The recent years saw the surge of interest in psychological constructs essential to L2 teaching and learning. Among these constructs, grit received significant attention in L2 field. The present scoping review investigates the methodological trends, geographical distribution, and study foci of grit in L2 educational contexts from 2020 to 2025. In the present review, 293 articles were initially identified from Proquest, JSTOR, and DOAJ databases (N = 293). In the end, 89 articles were assessed for eligibility, and 50 articles were included in the final review (n = 50). The findings of the scoping review include (1) quantitative methodologies dominated the retrieved articles, (2) studies in Asian contexts were predominantly found, and (3) L2 learners rather than L2 teachers are the focus of most articles. The present study underscores the need (1) to include qualitative findings in various cultural contexts, and (2) to conduct more grit studies with L2 teacher foci to provide more diverse insights into grit in L2 educational contexts. Keywords: grit, L2 educational contexts, scoping review, language learning psychology
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: grit
  topic: keywords
subject: L2 educational context
  topic: keywords
subject: scoping review
  topic: keywords
subject: L2 learning psychology
  topic: keywords
creator: Puput Arfiandhani
creator: Osamu Takeuchi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Puput Arfiandhani, Osamu Takeuchi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
doi: 10.31849/egny2q78

The Effect of Story Face Strategy Towards Students' Reading Comprehension of Recount Text
type: item
description: This study aims to determine whether using the story face strategy affects students’ reading comprehension in tenth-grade recount texts for the academic year 2022/2023. The research was conducted on tenth-grade MIA students at SMAN 2 Bangkinang Kota. The study involved 56 students who were divided into 2 classes, namely class X MIA 3 as the control class and X MIA 5 as the experimental class. Each class consists of 28 students. The experimental class uses the story face strategy as a learning strategy and the control class is taught using an English textbook. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 25 program. Based on the results obtained, the average value of students in the experimental class was 70.89 and 48.93 in the control class. The data obtained showed a significance (2-tailed) 0.001 < 0.05. This means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. This shows that there are differences in students’ reading comprehension between students who are taught using the story face strategy and students who are taught using English textbooks. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the story face strategy is effective for students’ reading comprehension of recount text.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reading Comprehension
  topic: keywords
subject: Story Face Strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: Recount Text
  topic: keywords
subject: Reading Comprehension
  topic: subjects
creator: Lusi Marleni
creator: Anita Diana
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Lusi Marleni, Anita Diana
date: 2024-08-29
publication date: 2024-08-29
starting page: 213
ending page: 226
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.11474

The Correlation Between Students’ Silent Reading Technique Habits and Their Reading Comprehension
type: item
description: Reading comprehension is reading for understanding. It needs the reader to comprehend the content being read. Students have difficulty understanding the meaning of the reading text and difficulty concentrating if they read the text aloud. Students also have low reading comprehension. The research objective of the research was to determine whether the students’ silent reading technique habits have a correlation with students’ reading comprehension at the tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Pekanbaru. This research was used quantitative correlational research. The sample of this research is 105 students consisting of 3 classes. The researcher conducted a questionnaire to measure students' silent reading technique habits and to measure students’ reading comprehension, the researcher used a reading test. It could be seen from the data that the questionnaire and reading test were normally distributed with a Monte Carlo significance result of 0.067. Additionally, the correlation between silent reading technique habits and their reading comprehension was linear, proven by the linearity test score is 0.414. Based on the result of the Pearson product-moment through the SPSS 25 version, it could be seen the significance score for both variables was 0.667 which is greater than 0.05. It means the null hypothesis is accepted. In addition, it showed that there is no correlation with the ‘Very Low’ level of correlation because the Pearson correlation for the instruments score were -0.043. It may be stated that students' silent reading technique habits and reading comprehension do not correlate to a low level and a negative relationship.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Silent Reading
  topic: keywords
subject: Comprehension
  topic: keywords
subject: Reading Habit
  topic: keywords
creator: Raihan Khairunisa Indrawan
creator: Wandi Syahfutra
creator: Pahmi Pahmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Raihan Khairunisa Indrawan
date: 2025-02-24
publication date: 2025-02-24
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v12i1.22530

Correlation Between Habit in Watching English Movies and Vocabulary Mastery of Grade VIII Students at Junior High School Palu
type: item
description: The objective of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation between the habit in watching English movies and vocabulary mastery of grade eight students of SMP Negeri 2 Palu. This research used correlational design. The sample of this study was 36 students from class VIII B SMP Negeri 2 Palu. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires and vocabulary tests. The Pearson Product Moment correlation method was used to correlate habit in watching English movies and vocabulary mastery. The results showed a moderate correlation between the habit in watching English movies and students' vocabulary mastery. It can be proven by the sig value obtained (2-tailed) 0.000, where this value is smaller than 0.05 so a correlation value of 0.532 is obtained. This shows that the habit of watching English movies positively impacts students' vocabulary mastery. It implies that students can implement the habit of watching English movies to improve their vocabulary mastery, the more often students watch English movies; the more students' vocabulary mastery will increase. Keywords: Habit, Movies, Vocabulary
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Habit
  topic: keywords
subject: Movies
  topic: keywords
subject: Vocabulary
  topic: keywords
subject: correlation
  topic: keywords
subject: watching
  topic: keywords
creator: Sakina Sakina
creator: Mukrim Mukrim
creator: Moh. Abraham Akbar Eisenring
creator: Hastini Hastini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sakina Sakina, Sakina
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 62
ending page: 71
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v12i1.25069

Role of Theme-Rheme Analysis in Developing Academic Literacy Skills in Senior High School Students in Pringsewu
type: item
description: This study aims to explore the implementation of Theme-Rheme in developing the writing ability of second-grade students at SMA Muhammadiyah Pringsewu. Theme-Rheme, as part of systemic functional theory, provides a framework for analyzing the structure and flow of information within sentences. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a text analysis approach to students' writings. The results show that understanding and applying Theme-Rheme significantly help students in organizing ideas and enhancing the cohesion and coherence of their writing. Additionally, this technique encourages students to be more critical in constructing arguments and developing well-structured paragraphs. These findings suggest that Theme-Rheme-based learning can be an effective strategy in improving students' writing abilities at the secondary school level.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Theme
  topic: keywords
subject: rheme
  topic: keywords
subject: writing ability
  topic: keywords
subject: students
  topic: keywords
creator: Tiara Noviarini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tiara Noviarini
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 51
ending page: 61
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v12i1.20305

Mastering English Grammar through the Implementation of Interactive Grammar Game Applications in English Classes
type: item
description: Abstract: Grammar is one of the most important elements of the English language. There is not a single word in English that does not involve grammar. In fact, a lot of English proficiency tests use grammar as one of the parts. Mastering grammar is as easy as mastering writing and speaking. This makes grammar has a big contribution in mastering English. The purpose of this research is to improve English Grammar skills through the implementation of a grammar game application in English classes in the digital era. This application contains grammar exercises and interactive training games and is very contemporary. The approach used in this study is a quantitative experimental method, employing a pretest-posttest control group design. The study involved two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The data analysis process is divided into two stages. The first stage involves analyzing the pretest and posttest data, while the second stage focuses on analyzing data from the questionnaire on the application's use. For the pretest and posttest data, a t-test is applied. Specifically, an independent t-test, which is a type of parametric test, is used to compare two independent groups. The analysis is based on two criteria: (1) if the significance value (2-tailed) is greater than 0.05, it indicates no significant difference between the groups; (2) if the significance value (2-tailed) is less than 0.05, it indicates a significant difference. The comparison of pretest and posttest scores between the experimental and control groups serves to address the research question about the effectiveness of the English Grammar Practice application in enhancing grammar skills. The results suggest that the application has a positive impact. Although the experimental group initially scored lower on the pretest than the control group, the posttest results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group, demonstrating the effectiveness of the application in improving…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: mastering grammar
  topic: keywords
subject: game application
  topic: keywords
subject: interactive grammar
  topic: keywords
subject: implementation
  topic: keywords
creator: Dyah sih pratiwi
creator: Bastian Sugandi
creator: Fakhrunnisa Fakhrunnisa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dyah sih pratiwi, Bastian Sugandi, Fakhrunnisa Fakhrunnisa
date: 2025-02-25
publication date: 2025-02-25
starting page: 14
ending page: 26
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v12i1.23779

Improving English Vocabulary Through Word Chain Game in an Inclusive School in Bandar Lampung
type: item
description: The purpose of the study is to find out whether word chain games can improve vocabulary mastery and to find out which word chain games are effective in improving vocabulary mastery. The results of this study can be used as input in the teaching and learning process, especially in teaching vocabulary. The results of this study can also be used to improve the quality of vocabulary learning. This research uses a quasi-experiment approach. There is only an experimental class without a control class. There are 3 main stages of research, namely pre test, treatment and post test. Pre test is conducted before treatment, while post test is conducted after treatment. The pre test will be conducted several times until the research subjects experience consistent conditions. The research subjects were 19 inclusive school students at X school in Bandar Lampung city who were taken by cluster random sampling. The results revealed that there was a significant effect on the use of word chain games in mastering vocabulary in inclusive classes. This can be seen from the difference in pre-test and post-test scores which shows an increase in learning achievement in respondents. In the inclusion class, students learn side by side in diversity. Although there are some students who have special needs, they can learn side by side. Through this game they can actively together build an attractive and more fun learning atmosphere. Keywords: vocabulary, word chain game, inklusi
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: vocabulary
  topic: keywords
subject: inkulusi
  topic: keywords
subject: word chain game
  topic: keywords
creator: Musiman Musiman
creator: Ganesa Vernanda
creator: Dhafiya Fitriani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Musiman Musiman, Ganesa Vernanda, Dhafiya Fitriani
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 37
ending page: 50
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v12i1.23143

The Steps to Master Listening Skills through the Use of the Independent Dimension-Based Listen English Daily Practice Application Through the Pancasila Student Profile Scheme
type: item
description: This research aims to describe the implementation of effective steps to master listening skills through the use of the Independent Dimension-based Listen English Daily Practice application through the Pancasila student profile scheme. In the English Language Education study program at Muhammadiyah University of Lampung, the Listen English Daily application is used to teach listening comprehension. This shows the effective use of the pre-listening, while-listening, and post-listening stages. This application not only helps students improve their listening skills but also receives positive responses from students thanks to its familiar topics, interesting features, and ease of use. This research uses descriptive analysis and focuses on the Listen English Daily Practice application as the subject. The focus of the research is how this application can be used to help Pancasila students learn to listen better. The results of the study show that using the Listen English Daily Practice application can maximize English learning. This application helps improve language skills such as reading, writing, listening and speaking. Apart from that, this application supports the values ​​of the Pancasila student profile, namely being independent, critical, creative, working together and having global diversity. Therefore, this application not only improves speaking skills but also develops character in accordance with Pancasila values.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Listening
  topic: keywords
subject: Pancasila Student Profile
  topic: keywords
subject: Aplication
  topic: keywords
subject: Students of University
  topic: subjects
subject: English
  topic: disciplines
creator: Candraning Prihatini
creator: Musiman Musiman
creator: Dhafiya Fitriyani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Candraning Prihatini, Musiman Musiman, Dhafiya Fitriyani
date: 2025-02-26
publication date: 2025-02-26
starting page: 27
ending page: 36
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v12i1.22122

Assessing EFL Learners' Speaking Self-Efficacy in English Language Education Program Universitas Lancang Kuning
type: item
description: Speaking self-efficacy is crucial in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning, as it significantly influences learners' confidence and performance in oral communication. However, research on the specific level of EFL learners’ speaking self-efficacy and its contributing factors remains limited. This study investigates EFL learners' speaking self-efficacy levels and identifies the key factors shaping their confidence. Using a descriptive quantitative design, data were collected through two validated instruments: the EFL Sources of Speaking Self-Efficacy Scale (EFL-SSSES) and the EFL Learner Speaking Self-Efficacy Scale (EFLSSES). Results reveal that learners exhibit a moderate level of speaking selfefficacy (2.69–3.07). Among the four sources of self-efficacy—Mastery Experience (ME), Vicarious Experience (VE), Social Persuasion (SP), and Physiological Emotional States (PES)—Social Persuasion emerged as the most significant predictor of both Linguistic Self-Efficacy (LSE) (β = .294, p = .025) and Delivery Self-Efficacy (DSE) (β = .310, p = .016). In conclusion, EFL learners possess a healthy level of confidence in their speaking ability, with social persuasion playing a pivotal role. Future research should explore these factors across diverse educational contexts to inform effective teaching strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ulil Albab
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ulil Albab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
doi: 10.31849/jcpcyp71

Classroomscreen's Timer and Work Symbols Widgets
type: item
description: This action research uses Classroomscreen, an interactive tool that has a variety of features and options for facilitating learning like widgets such as timer and work symbols, to encourage communication during group works. The research used a practical action research design that utilized mixed methods to address the study's problem and was conducted at a private Junior High School in the Philippines. The researchers introduced the said application and conducted an observation before and during its use. After the proposed intervention, the researchers conducted a focus group discussion and computed the data using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that students can better concentrate and pay attention, ask and answer questions, and communicate better over-all during groupworks when they were using Classroomscreen. Thus, the researchers recommend that teachers maximize the use of Classroomscreen in both face to face and online learning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: virtual board
  topic: keywords
subject: classroom tools
  topic: keywords
subject: classroom interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Classroomscreen
  topic: keywords
subject: classroom management
  topic: keywords
subject: Language Education
  topic: disciplines
creator: Adeva Jane Esparrago-Kalidas
creator: Edralin Manla
creator: Ninna Norika R. Dampor
creator: Roy Vincent J. Labnotin
creator: Angelica Chriselle Quintana
creator: Twinkle L. Taloon
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Adeva Jane Esparrago-Kalidas, Edralin Manla, Ninna Norika R. Dampor , Roy Vincent J. Labnotin , Angelica Chriselle Quintana, Twinkle L. Taloon
date: 2024-08-26
publication date: 2024-08-26
starting page: 123
ending page: 133
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.20443

The Development of E-Learning Material of English for Tourism for Tourism Personnel in Labuan Bajo
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to create e-learning material of English for tourism personnel in Labuan Bajo. This study was a research and development one. The outcome of this research was learning devices in the form of module. This study refers to Borg and Gall’s development research procedure consisting collecting data, planning, product draft development, expert validation, revision, and field test. There were two kinds of data in this study; qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data was in the form of suggestions from validator regarding module, as well as the results of observation and interview. Meanwhile the quantitative data was obtained from the participant’s result of pretest and postest. The posttest results showed that there was an increase in scores of 37% from the participants' average scores. This showed that materials in the form of module were effective in improving the English language skills of tourism actors in Labuan Bajo. Apart from that, the material in the form of a module has met all the criteria in terms of content feasibility and presentment feasibility by validators who are experts in their fields. Keywords: E-learning, Material, English for Tourism, Tourism Personnel
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: e-learning
  topic: keywords
subject: english for tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: tourism personnel
  topic: keywords
subject: English for Tourism
  topic: subjects
subject: Education
  topic: disciplines
creator: Saptina Retnawati
creator: tito dimas atmawijaya
creator: laksmy Ady kusumoriny
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 SAPTINA RETNAWATI, tito dimas atmawijaya, laksmy Ady kusumoriny
date: 2024-08-26
publication date: 2024-08-26
starting page: 134
ending page: 142
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.19262

Maintaining Students' Performance through Exhibition: Reporting Project of English Instructional Technologies course
type: item
description: Pre-service teachers are expected to master content knowledge, pedagogical factor, communication skills, classroom management, critical thinking and problem-solving, collaboration and teamwork, reflective practice and technology integration. To achieve that target, teaching and learning process should be organized to facilitate activities that can improve their learning experiences. Exhibition can be implemented to provide valuable feedback and insights that can be used to improve future exhibitions or make informed decisions regarding the current one. Besides, this chance can also maximize to maintain students' performance in creative and engaging approach. This study aims to expose how the researcher manage an exhibition from students’ project to enhance their performance in English Instructional Technology course. The results demonstrate that pre-service teachers had a moderately satisfactory amount of mentorship experience, with modeling and pedagogical knowledge receiving among the lowest mean scores.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Students’ performance
  topic: keywords
subject: exhibition
  topic: keywords
subject: English Instructional Technology course
  topic: keywords
creator: Arimuliani Ahmad
creator: Rezki Rezki
creator: Khulaifiyah Khulaifiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Arimuliani Ahmad
date: 2024-08-27
publication date: 2024-08-27
starting page: 204
ending page: 212
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.18894

Photovoice in the EFL classroom: Academic stress coping among Indonesian Pre-Service English teachers during online learning
type: item
description: The pandemic impacted people's lives worldwide, affecting the functioning of several sectors, especially in the education sector. The impact of the pandemic has resulted in teachers and students having to work faster and maximize learning from face-to-face to online learning. The impact is that some students or teachers experience difficulties and stress in online learning. This stress is a person's thoughts that were originally (positive) to be irrational/negative. The purpose of this study is to describe experiences dealing with academic stress among pre-service English teachers in Indonesian higher education during online learning. The authors used the photovoice method by explaining some photos in this article. We also interviewed four pre-service English teachers to get more data. The findings revealed that some ways used by pre-service English teachers in coping with academic stress during online learning are playing online games, having extensive reading such as comics, relaxation or healing, and listening to music. The study promotes an implication that the need to have some refreshments for students to cope with academic stress during online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Academic stress coping
  topic: keywords
subject: EFL Classrooms
  topic: keywords
subject: Online Learning Photovoice
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Zaenal Anwar
creator: Sri Wahyuningsih
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Zaenal Anwar, Sri Wahyuningsih
date: 2024-02-28
publication date: 2024-02-28
starting page: 61
ending page: 72
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i1.18811

The Relationship between Study Habits and Academic Achievement in English Education Study Program at Baturaja University
type: item
description: The problem of this research was “is there correlation between study habits and academic achievement in English education study program at Baturaja University”?. Therefore, this study aims to describe whether or not it is there correlation between students’ habits and academic achievement of the students. This study used correlational design. The population of the research was 67 students. The questionnaire and documentation were used for collecting the data. To analyze the data , researchers used Pearson – Product Moment Correlation and descriptive statistics using the SPSS ver.25. The result showed that there is no or weak correlation between study habits and academic achievement in English Education Study Program at Baturaja University (r = 0.062, p>0.05). In conclusion, some factors that influence learning achievement were not only study habits, but also students’ learning motivation, their learning environment, facilities by educational institutions and it can affect their academic achievement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Academic Achievement
  topic: keywords
subject: Correlation,
  topic: keywords
subject: Students,
  topic: keywords
subject: Study Habits
  topic: keywords
creator: Yentri Anggeraini
creator: Episiasi Episiasi
creator: Salsabilla Putri Nandaini
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Yentri Anggeraini, Episiasi Episiasi, Salsabilla Putri Nandaini
date: 2024-08-20
publication date: 2024-08-20
starting page: 102
ending page: 109
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.20172

The Effectiveness of Google Sites in Differentiated Instruction to Increase Students’ Learning Motivation and Reading Comprehension on English Narrative Texts
type: item
description: This research explores the impact of using Google Sites for Differentiated Instruction on the learning motivation and reading comprehension of Grade XI students at SMK Negeri 4 Banjarmasin. The study aims to enhance literacy by integrating digital media into English narrative text instruction. A quasi-experimental design was employed, with an experimental group using Google Sites and a control group using conventional methods. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests measuring reading comprehension and questionnaire to describe learning motivation. The Independent Sample T-Test, Mann Whitney Test and N-Gain, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that the experimental group showed significant improvements in both learning motivation and reading comprehension compared to the control group. The use of Google Sites provided a personalized and engaging learning experience, contributing to these positive outcomes. In conclusion, integrating Google Sites into Differentiated Instruction effectively enhances students' motivation and reading comprehension. This approach addresses individual learning needs and leverages technology to create a more interactive educational environment. The study suggests broader implementation of digital tools in education to improve literacy skills and student engagement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Google Sites
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Reading Comprehension
  topic: keywords
creator: Silvia Najemi
creator: Lidwina Sri Ardiasih
creator: Hanna Sundari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Silvia Najemi, Lidwina Sri Ardiasih, Hanna Sundari
date: 2024-08-20
publication date: 2024-08-20
starting page: 110
ending page: 122
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.21768

Exploring the Effectiveness of Digital Reading Platforms in Developing Reading Comprehension Skills
type: item
description: This study investigates the effectiveness of the digital reading platform ReadWorks in improving the reading comprehension skills of high school students. A within-subject design was employed, wherein students experienced two phases of treatment: the use of conventional teaching methods and the application of the ReadWorks platform, with a washout period in between to minimize carryover effects. The research was conducted with second-grade students at SMA Negeri 16 Samarinda, using a standardized reading comprehension test to assess performance. Paired samples t-tests were utilized to analyze the data. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students' reading comprehension scores when using the ReadWorks platform compared to conventional methods. The statistical analysis shows that the p-values for both the experimental group (p = 0.000) and the control group (p = 0.000) are less than the significance level of 0.05, leading to the rejection of the Null Hypothesis (H0) and acceptance of the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha). These results indicates that the ReadWorks platform is effective in enhancing reading comprehension skills among high school students. The study contributes to the growing body of literature advocating for the integration of digital tools in education to improve student learning outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Reading Platforms
  topic: keywords
subject: Reading Comprehension
  topic: keywords
subject: ReadWorks
  topic: keywords
creator: Lutvia Nur Fitriani
creator: Sunarti
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sunarti, Lutvia Nur Fitriani, Lutvia Nur Fitriani
date: 2024-08-26
publication date: 2024-08-26
starting page: 168
ending page: 181
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.20840

Literature Circles and Jam Board: Interactive Ways to Comprehend Young Adult Literature
type: item
description: The purposes of the study are to describe the use of Literature Circles in the classroom using jam board media and to know the students’ responses to Young Adult Literature (YAL) using jam board. This study is qualitative research. The data collection method is observation and interview. Using a jam board, the researcher observes the use of literature circles in the classroom. Meanwhile, the researcher interviews the teacher and the students about their perception of the use of literature circles in the classroom using a jam board. Data analysis uses three steps, namely, data reduction, data displays, and drawing conclusions. The participants are 20 students of secondary school. The result shows that there are four roles in literature circles, namely, discussion leader, summarizer, question writer, word wizard, culture collector, and passage master. The students’ responses show that they are active in reading class because Jam Board is interesting media. They also could understand the text well since they work in groups and have their own roles. In addition to addressing the requirements of many students and providing them with responsibility and participation in the class, literature circles can be a useful instrument for increasing motivation by appealing to their reading interests because the literary text is frequently chosen by the group from a selection of adequately leveled options offered by the teacher.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: jam board
  topic: keywords
subject: literature circles
  topic: keywords
subject: reading interest
  topic: keywords
creator: Brigitta Septarini Rahmasari
creator: Tri Wahyuni Chasanatun
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 brigitta septarini
date: 2024-02-05
publication date: 2024-02-05
starting page: 51
ending page: 60
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i1.15408

Comparison of Intrinsic Elements of Indonesian and German Children's Literature to Enrich Character Education for Indonesian Children
type: item
description: Children's literature has many benefits, including being a medium of entertainment and a medium for character education for children. Children's literature contains various noble values that readers can internalize daily. This research uses two objects of children's literature: the Indonesian children's literature book Dru dan Negeri Lima Kerajaan by Clara Ng and Renata Owen and the German novel Apfelkuchen und Baklava by Kathrin Rohmann. This research aims to compare two intrinsic elements from the two novels as material for character education for students in Indonesia. The intrinsic elements in both novels are characters, setting, theme, and message. The research results show that the intrinsic elements of both novels have symbolic meanings that contain noble values such as patience, courage, kindness, sincerity, acceptance, and openness. Therefore, it can be concluded that the two novels can be used as material for enriching student and Indonesian character education and cultivating global character.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: children literature
  topic: keywords
subject: education character
  topic: keywords
subject: intrinsic element
  topic: keywords
creator: Andina Meutia Hawa
creator: Dyani Prades Pratiwi
creator: Roma Kyo Kae Saniro
creator: Armini Arbain
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Andina Meutia Hawa, Dyani Prades Pratiwi, Roma Kyo Kae Saniro, Armini Arbain
date: 2024-08-26
publication date: 2024-08-26
starting page: 143
ending page: 156
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.20175

Enhancing Digital Literacy through the Role of YouTube in English Phonology Class: Students’ Perception
type: item
description: English phonology should be taught properly in online learning. It is difficult since the teacher and students are not in direct contact. The YouTube platform is one method for assisting students in learning and practicing English Phonology in English Phonology lesson. The purpose of this study is to investigate students’ perceptions of improving digital literacy through the use of YouTube in English Phonology class. The research approach was descriptively quantitative. Total sampling was used to get the sample for this study, which consisted of 14 students. The research instrument was a 15-question questionnaire distributed to students using Google form. The data was gathered by asking students to select one of four answers on a Likert scale in the questionnaire. The data was evaluated after it was collected based on the responses of the students in the questionnaire. The findings revealed that the students’ perceptions of improving digital literacy through the function of YouTube in English Phonology class in online learning were satisfied and beneficial. However, just a few students expressed dissatisfaction with using YouTube because the student’ lack of using YouTube in daily life to upload and find the best material to the English Phonology. The conclusion of the research was the students’ perception in the role of YouTube in enhancing digital literacy’ students in English Phonology class was feeling satisfied with the additional access to understand the material and practicing some cases in phonological problem when the material taken from the book was not clear enough to understand.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digital literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: the Role of YouTube
  topic: keywords
subject: English Phonology
  topic: keywords
creator: Vina Fathira
creator: Gunaldi Masbiran
creator: Wenny Elsara
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Vina Fathira, Gunaldi Masbiran, Wenny Elsara
date: 2024-02-05
publication date: 2024-02-05
starting page: 25
ending page: 40
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i1.18469

The Correlation between Motivational Regulation Strategies and Students’ Writing Ability
type: item
description: The present study looked for kind of motivational regulation strategies used by students with high and low writing ability and found relationship between students’ motivational regulation strategies and writing ability. The method in this study is quantitative with correlational study research design, the subject of the study is 31 English education students in one of state university who took argumentative writing classroom. The questionnaire from Wolters & Benzon (2013a) are used in this study as research instrument of motivational regulation strategies. The result showed different motivational regulation strategies used by students with high writing ability and low writing ability. Students with high writing ability tended to use regulation of value (M=4.04). Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between students’ motivational regulation strategies and their writing ability. Some findings are in line with the research conducted by Wolters & Benzon (2013a) about average of motivational regulation strategies used by students, however, further research in how far motivational regulation strategies affect to students’ writing ability can be conducted by other researchers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Argumentative writing
  topic: keywords
subject: motivational regulation strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: writing ability
  topic: keywords
creator: Anjani Vicka Prasasti Hasibuan
creator: Ahmad Munir
creator: Widyastuti
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Anjani Vicka Prasasti Hasibuan
date: 2024-08-26
publication date: 2024-08-26
starting page: 157
ending page: 167
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.20931

The Development of English Learning Video to Enhance Students’ Reading Comprehension Skill
type: item
description: Developing innovative learning media is needed at school nowadays, with learning media the learning goal will be easier to achieve. The aim of this research is to prove whether there is an enhancement in students’ scores in reading comprehension test after being treated by using learning video in learning process. This research is Research and Development using the model of ADDIE and data analysis of the products using likert scale. Data collection methods using questionnaires and test. Data processing was completed by using SPSS. The study participants were IPS students in the 10th grade from SMAN 2 Pekanbaru. The enhancement testing was done on students to calculate the rise in student scores after using learning video. The results of the validity of learning videos from media expert is 96% which categorized “very good”, the scores form material expert is 92,5% which also categorized “very good”. To ascertain the enhance in students' reading comprehension skill, the statistical analysis tests were carried out namely the mean and paired sample t-test. The significance value is 0.00, which means it fewer than 0.05, it might be ascertained that there is a significant influence among the results of the students' pre-test and post-test. The result shows that any enhancement of using learning video toward students’ reading comprehension skill.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning video
  topic: keywords
subject: Reading comprehension
  topic: keywords
creator: Rahmanisa
creator: Siti Niah
creator: Pahmi Pahmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Rahmanisa
date: 2024-08-27
publication date: 2024-08-27
starting page: 225
ending page: 235
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.15037

The use of vodcasting in improving students' speaking skills
type: item
description: Media should be included into learning activities to help teachers and students alike understand the information being taught. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether employing vodcasting may help class X students at SMK 2 Muhammadiyah Bandar Lampung improve their speaking abilities. Experimental research is the term for this kind of study. Data is collected through tests. It is expected that the study findings could be used as reading material and a basis for further relevant research. It is hoped that the results of this research can be used as an important input for schools, especially for vocational school teachers, where the results of this research can be used as a reference in implementing learning media to improve student learning outcomes; b) for junior high school students, the results of this study are able to create meaningful learning so that it has a strong influence in improving learning outcomes and student motivation. Referring to the calculation results of hypothesis testing, the mean pretest value was 71,72 while the mean post-test was 80,59, thus the Ho hypotension result was rejected and Ha was accepted. Looking at the Sig value 0.00 <0.05, it indicates a significant improvement before and after using vodcasting.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vodcasting
  topic: keywords
subject: Speaking Skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Teaching Speaking
  topic: keywords
creator: Susi Efiyani Efiyani
creator: Dyah Sih Pratiwi
creator: Ahmad Syafiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Susi Efiyani Efiyani, Dyah Sih Pratiwi, Ahmad Syafiq
date: 2024-02-29
publication date: 2024-02-29
starting page: 73
ending page: 79
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i1.16436

International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Standards For EFL Students as 21st Century Skills
type: item
description: This survey research aimed at investigating International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Standards of EFL Students in an English Education Department at a university in Pekanbaru, Riau. The method used was descriptive quantitative which involved 121 samples. The samples were selected by using random sampling technique from third, fifth, and seventh semesters. The questionnaire adopted from Hazamayeh (2021) used as the main instrument to collect the data. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics (the sum of score, mean and standard deviation) which then interpreted descriptively. The study revealed that the students’ mean of ISTE Standards reached 3.92 which was categorized into a Moderate level. It was measured by calculating the avarage score of the ISTE six indicators namely Creativity and Innovation; Communication and Collaboration; Research and Information Fluency; Critical Thinking, Problem Solving and Decision Making; Digital Citizenship; and Technology Operations and Concepts. This “Moderate” level indicates that the EFL students are still in on going process to maximize their ability to use technology as a means of learning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ISTE Standards
  topic: keywords
subject: EFL students
  topic: keywords
subject: English Education Department
  topic: keywords
creator: Marwa Marwa
creator: Wahyudi Saputra
creator: Herlinawati Herlinawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 marwa marwa
date: 2024-02-05
publication date: 2024-02-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i1.17244

Errors Analysis: Students’ Pronunciation Assessment through IPA Application
type: item
description: Pronunciation is one of the most crucial subskills of English speaking. This study aims to determine students' pronunciation errors when pronouncing English short vowels in the fifth semester of English Language Education using the English Pronunciation IPA application and to determine the factors that influence their pronunciation errors. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative method design. It was conducted on students in fifth semester of English Language Education. The researcher collected data with two tools: pronunciation tests and interviews. Students can use the English Pronunciation IPA application as a help for taking long vowel pronunciation examinations. The researcher selected five students to serve as resource people for interviews. Based on the study results, the English Pronunciation IPA application was used to administer a pronunciation test to students. The results showed that, on average, students scored 15.57, with short vowels scoring 3.70 points. Pronouncing short vowels on the /ɒ/ and /æ/ sound are where students make the greatest mistakes. Then, interference and phonological knowledge are the factors that affect pupils' pronunciation issues in English.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Errors Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Pronunciation
  topic: keywords
subject: IPA Application
  topic: keywords
creator: Andi Idayani
creator: Estika Satriani
creator: Via Elmanisa
creator: Betty Sailun
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Andi Idayani, Estika Satriani, Via Elmanisa, Betty Sailun
date: 2024-03-05
publication date: 2024-03-05
starting page: 89
ending page: 101
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i1.19227

Challenging The Students by Using Video Movie to Improve Students’ Vocabulary on Independent Curriculum
type: item
description: Based on Independent Curriculum in Indonesia, the goal of teaching learning at junior high school is that the students must be able to develop communicative competence in written as well as in spoken form. The use of video movie was chosen as video is an appropriate media to stimulate and motivate the students’ interest and attention in understanding the unknown words since video makes language more alive and meaningful and helps to bring the real worlds into classroom. This study is Classroom Action Research (CAR) study, means applied 2 cycles. The result shown, cycle 1, there were 18 students (54.54%) who gained score ≥ 55, while in cycle 2 there were 32 students (96 %) who gained score ≥ 60. For the learning process, that is, the students’ activities, there were only 23 students (66%) who did 80% of the activities in cycle 1, but there were 32 students (96%) who did 80% of the activities in cycle 2. Meanwhile, for the teacher’s performance, the teacher got score 62 in cycle 1, then she got 84 in cycle 2 which means that she could teach the students well after implementing the use of video movie.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Rani Amrista Wijayanti
creator: Delta Rahwanda
creator: Yudi Efendi
creator: Wuri Syaputri
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Rani Amrista Wijayanti, Delta Rahwanda, Yudi Efendi, Wuri Syaputri
date: 2024-02-05
publication date: 2024-02-05
starting page: 13
ending page: 24
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i1.16396

The Development of Personal Letter Material Through Flipbook to Enhance Students Reading Comprehension
type: item
description: In this sophisticated era, the learning process is very minimal using books. Most students are more interested in learning by using applications as learning media, because it is fun and not boring. One of the applications that can be used as learning media is the Flipbook application. This Flipbook application can enter data in the form of images, videos, music, keys, animations, and also links to other sources into one. Based on the researcher's experience while teaching, the researcher found the problem that occurred in students, namely the low interest in reading students in English lessons. This research was conducted to find out whether this Flipbook application can improve students' reading skills in English lessons about personal letters to 11th grade students of PGRI Pekanbaru High School. The researcher took samples in class XI IPS with a total of 32 students. After conducting the research, the researcher found an increase that has been seen from the t-test. The t-test score obtained is 29.62%, while the p-value is 0.000 <0.05. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that there is an increase in reading comprehension ability regarding personal letters in grade XI IPS of SMA PGRI Pekanbaru.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Flipbook
  topic: keywords
subject: Reading Comprehension
  topic: keywords
creator: Syerani Hestiza Gianssi
creator: Wandi Syahfutra
creator: Pahmi Pahmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Syerani Hestiza Gianssi, Wandi Syahfutra, M.Pd, Pahmi, S.Pd, M.A
date: 2024-08-27
publication date: 2024-08-27
starting page: 182
ending page: 188
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.16626

The Implementation of Cambridge Curriculum in English Learning at SMP Lazuardi Tursina
type: item
description: In Indonesian schools, the curriculum is crucial for teaching-learning process. As a means of improving student competencies and educational quality, certain Indonesian schools are starting to implement overseas curricula, such as Cambridge. However Indonesian schools have different approaches to implementing the Cambridge curriculum. The purpose of this research is to investigate how the Cambridge Curriculum is being used at SMP Lazuardi Tursina for English language instruction. A qualitative strategy using a case study design is the methodology used. Data were gathered using curriculum-related document analysis, interviews, and observations. The results show three important phases to the Cambridge curriculum's application in English learning: planning, implementing, and assessing. With a focus on critical thinking and problem-solving techniques, SMP Lazuardi Tursina combines the Independent and Cambridge curricula. Adapting to Project-Based Learning and Learning Experience Design, as well as instructor turnover, are implementation challenges. The learners' progress and performance were assessed using the Check Point and Cambridge Progression Tests. The findings highlight how important the phases of the Cambridge curriculum implementation are to SMP Lazuardi Tursina's successful adoption of the curriculum. To support student learning outcomes and improve educational quality, the Cambridge curriculum demands careful planning, creative teaching strategies, and thorough evaluation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Curricula
  topic: keywords
subject: Cambridge Curriculum,
  topic: keywords
subject: English Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur Laili
creator: Faiqotur Rizkiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Laili, Faiqotur Rizkiyah
date: 2024-08-27
publication date: 2024-08-27
starting page: 189
ending page: 203
doi: 10.31849/elt-lectura.v11i2.21209