Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian

Combinatory effects of pineapple peel liquid organic fertilizer and rice husk charcoal on melon (Cucumis melo L.) growth and yield

Moh. Hamdan Hidayat, Wiharyanti Nur Lailiyah, Setyo Budi — Sun, 28 Jul 2024 06:33:32 +0000

The intensive use of synthetic fertilizers in melon cultivation can reduce soil organic matter and fertility, ultimately decreasing productivity. This situation necessitates the improvement of growing media to achieve production targets through the use of rice husk charcoal and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from pineapple peel. This study aims to determine the combinatory effects of pineapple peel LOF and rice husk charcoal media on the growth and yield of melon plants. The research employed a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 6 treatment levels, and data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by an HSD test at the 5% significance level. The results showed an interaction between pineapple peel POC and rice husk charcoal media on the number of leaves variable. The P0M1 treatment (positive control and 50% rice husk charcoal : 50% soil) at 52 days after planting (DAP) produced the highest number of leaves, totaling 26. However, this increase in leaf number was not accompanied by an increase in fruit weight or brix levels. These findings open opportunities for further research to understand why the increase in leaf number did not translate to higher fruit weight or Brix levels, and to identify treatment combinations that can enhance both growth and yield.

Impact of cutting types and commercial plant growth regulators on the propagation of red star begonia (Begonia rex-cultorum)

Zahrotul Latifah, Widi Wurjani, Sutini Sutini — Sun, 28 Jul 2024 12:41:45 +0000

Begonia is an ornamental plant known for its beautiful, variegated leaves. Propagation of this plant via vegetative means, particularly using leaves, often encounters challenges such as drying, rotting, and mortality of cuttings, necessitating the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to support their development. This study aims to determine the optimal combination of cutting type and commercial PGR concentration for the growth of red star begonia leaf cuttings. A factorial completely randomized design (CRD) was employed with two factors: cutting type (whole leaves and leaf slices) and PGR concentration (250 ppm, 300 ppm, 350 ppm, and 400 ppm), each replicated three times. The results indicated that the best combination for leaf number, root length, primary root number, and survival rate was whole leaves with a PGR concentration of 400 ppm. For the earliest sprout emergence, the best treatment was a PGR concentration of 350 ppm. These findings can enhance the efficiency of vegetative propagation of red star begonia, reduce propagation failure rates, and provide practical guidance for growers and ornamental plant enthusiasts in selecting optimal methods and PGR concentrations.

Optimizing winged-bean meal through oven and autoclave heating as viable alternative for plant-based aquafeed

Tue, 02 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Winged-bean meal can serve as a substitute for soybean meal in plant-based fish feed, despite its trypsin-inhibitor properties, which can be alleviated through heating processes. This study aimed to explore the potential of winged-bean meal subjected to different heating methods, namely oven (110 °C for 30 minutes) and autoclave (121 °C for 30 minutes), based on proximate analysis and trypsin activity. The study applied three treatments with four replications: oven heating (O), autoclave heating (A), and control (without heating, E). All data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the best treatment. Data were also compared to the nutrient requirements of several cultured freshwater fish in Indonesia. Heating treatments improved in vitro trypsin activity (1300 units/O and 1135 units/A vs. 835 units) but reduced protein (29.05±1.96%/A and 31.73±1.52%/O vs. 35.17±0.38%) and moisture contents. Additionally, the O treatment met the standards for aquafeed protein content (27-45%) and potentially fulfilled the protein requirements for catfish (25-40%), Nile tilapia (30-35%), and Java barb (30-32%). Therefore, oven heating presents a viable candidate as an alternative plant-based aquafeed ingredient. Nevertheless, the in vivo application of winged-bean meal as an aquafeed ingredient should be further evaluated to determine whether heating treatment effectively enhances digestive activity, nutrient retention, and growth performance in target fish species.

Morphological and biochemical identification of Ralstonia solanacearum strains in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) wilt disease

Kezia Natalia, Andree Wijaya Setiawan, Ruth Meike Jayanti — Sun, 28 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex (RSSC) is a significant plant pathogen affecting various agricultural commodities, including ginger. Understanding the distribution and characteristics of RSSC in ginger plants is crucial for effective disease management. This study aims to determine the distribution of RSSC in ginger plants and identify the pathogen through morphological and biochemical characterization. The research was conducted in Banyubiru and Getasan districts, Semarang Regency, Indonesia. The study involved purposive sampling, isolation, and purification of isolates, followed by morphological characterization through observation and biochemical characterization using Gram staining with KOH, oxidase test, arginine activity test, hypersensitivity test, bacterial density calculation, Koch's postulates, and biovar characterization. Three isolates from Banyubiru displayed typical morphological characteristics of RSSC, including round, mucoid colonies with red centers and white edges on TZC medium, and rod-shaped bacterial cells. Biochemical characterization identified these isolates as RSSC strains biovar 3 and 4, capable of causing bacterial wilt in ginger plants. The study confirmed the presence of bacterial wilt in ginger in Banyubiru district. The findings reveal the spread of bacterial wilt caused by RSSC in ginger plants in Banyubiru, Semarang Regency. There is a need for measures to control the potential spread of RSSC in the surrounding host plant areas in Tlumpak Village, Banyubiru district.

Soil morphological characteristics in the active volcanic toposequence zone at Tangkuban Parahu volcano, Indonesia

Sun, 28 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Soil formation in volcanic terrains presents a significant challenge due to the diverse physical and chemical properties imparted by volcanic activity, which are not yet fully understood. This study investigates the unique morphological characteristics of soil profiles within crater topography sequences at the Tangkuban Parahu Volcano, Indonesia. To address this gap, five representative sample profiles (I, II, III, IV, V) were analyzed. The Ratu Crater pathway topography was characterized by steep to very steep slopes. Detailed analysis identified three predominant soil layers, each with distinct features such as color, texture, porosity, and chemical composition, reflecting different stages of soil formation. At the highest elevation near the crater rim, Profile V was composed mainly of volcanic ash, with a loose structure, high porosity, and acidic pH, indicative of recent volcanic deposits. Profile III, at intermediate elevations, consisted of highly weathered soil with sandy loam textures and clear layer demarcations, suggesting prolonged soil development and consolidation. Profile I, at the lowest elevation, featured loamy sand with significant weathering and organic matter incorporation, indicating advanced soil development stages. The findings underscore the impact of volcanic activity on soil morphology, revealing distinct layers that correlate with various ages and developmental stages. Understanding these processes can inform agricultural practices.

Water balance optimization for strategic planting patterns and calendars in paddy (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation in rainfed regions

Feri Yoga, Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak — Wed, 24 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop in Indonesia that requires more water compared to other annual crops. Cultivating paddy in rainfed areas necessitates effective water management to prevent crop failure, making it essential to calculate water balance, planting patterns, and planting calendars. This study aims to analyze the water balance in relation to planting patterns and calendars based on water availability in the field. The research was conducted in Cukilan Village, Semarang Regency, Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative method using Cropwat 8.0 was employed to determine water balance, planting patterns, and planting calendars. The results indicate that from November to April, there is a water surplus, while from May to October, there is a water deficit. Planting can be conducted once per growing season with two possible periods: November-March or December-April. During Period I (November-March), the water requirement is 640.7 mm with effective rainfall of 1031.2 mm. In Period II (December-April), the water requirement is 638 mm with effective rainfall of 935.7 mm. Planting should begin in November or December, with harvest in March or April. From May to October, the land remains fallow due to insufficient water availability. These findings are valuable for enhancing the effectiveness of paddy cultivation in rainfed areas, assisting farmers with planting planning, and minimizing the risk of crop failure due to water scarcity.

Phytoremediation of iron-contaminated soils using humic acid and hyperaccumulator grasses

Zumatul Atiko Islamya Cahyo, Wanti Mindari, Haidar Fari Aditya — Sat, 27 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Lapindo mud disaster in Porong, Sidoarjo, Indonesia, resulted from mining activities, leading to severe iron (Fe) contamination in the soil. This contamination has adversely impacted agricultural productivity in the affected areas. Phytoremediation, utilizing humic acid as a chelating agent and hyperaccumulator grasses, is a potential solution to mitigate this pollution. This study employed a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) to evaluate this approach with two factors: the application of 600 ppm humic acid and the use of different grasses (vetiver, elephant grass, nutgrass, and gotu kola). Observed parameters included plant dry weight and total iron content in soil and plant tissues. These data were used to determine the bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), and absorption efficiency (%). The results indicated that humic acid significantly increased plant dry weight and iron uptake in plant tissues. The combination of gotu kola and humic acid showed the highest phytoremediation potential, with a BCF of 0.3121, TF of 1.4871, and an absorption efficiency of 55.7538%. This study highlights the effectiveness of humic acid and hyperaccumulator grasses in phytoremediation of iron-contaminated soils, offering a sustainable approach to improving soil health and agricultural productivity in polluted areas.

Efficacy of neem and basil leaf extracts in controlling whitefly (Bemisia Tabaci) infestations and enhancing yield in curly red chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

Moses Graciano Diputra, Andree Wijaya Setiawan — Sat, 27 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) are a major pest of curly red chili peppers, acting as vectors for gemini viruses that significantly reduce crop productivity. This study evaluated the efficacy of neem and basil leaf extracts at three different concentrations for controlling whitefly infestations on chili plants. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed with 8 treatments and 2 controls: PA (Neem 1%), PB (Neem 2%), PC (Neem 3%), PD (Basil 1%), PE (Basil 2%), PF (Basil 3%), PKM (commercial pesticide as positive control), and P0 (distilled water as negative control). Parameters assessed included whitefly infestation intensity, yellowing of shoots, fruit weight, total fruit count, and the number of infested fruits. The results indicate that both neem and basil leaf extracts effectively reduced whitefly infestation intensity and yellowing of shoots compared to the negative control (P0). Despite some increase in infestation intensity in subsequent observations, both neem and basil extracts positively impacted fruit yield, including higher fruit weight and total fruit count. However, there was no significant effect on the number of infested fruits with the treatments. These findings suggest that neem and basil leaf extracts are promising alternatives for managing whitefly infestations and improving yield in curly red chili peppers.

Characterizing agronomic, morphological, nutritional, and phytochemical traits of local sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in Indonesia

Maisya Zahra Al Banna, Widiastini Arifuddin — Sat, 20 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

South Sulawesi has been designated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia, as a key sorghum-producing province. The known sorghum varieties from South Sulawesi include Batara Tojeng Eja, Batara Tojeng Bae, and local sorghum from Jeneponto. In Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, local farmers traditionally cultivate local sorghum alongside maize. This study aims to gather information on the agronomic traits, morphological characteristics, nutritional composition, and phytochemical content of local sorghum from Tritiro village, Bulukumba Regency. Agronomic and morphological traits were analyzed through observations of growth and phenotypic features of the leaves, stems, roots, panicles, and seeds of sorghum. Nutritional composition was measured quantitatively, while phytochemical screening was conducted both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that local Tritiro sorghum has medium plant height, small stem diameter, medium panicle length, loose panicle shape, and brown seeds. Nutritional analysis revealed that local Tritiro sorghum contains 10.11% protein, 0.19% fat, 86.73% carbohydrates, 68.97% starch, and 9.43 mg g⁻¹ tannins. Local Tritiro sorghum has higher carbohydrate, protein, and fiber content compared to other sorghum varieties from South Sulawesi and exhibits higher tannin content. These findings highlight the potential of local Tritiro sorghum as a valuable nutritional resource and its suitability for cultivation in the region, contributing to food security and sustainable agricultural practices.