/**
 * Metro OJS Theme Stylesheet
 * Inspired by JURDIKES publication layout.
 */

:root {
  --metro-primary: #0284c7;
  --metro-primary-dark: #0369a1;
  --metro-primary-light: #e0f2fe;
  --metro-secondary: #0f172a;
  --metro-accent: #3b82f6;
  --metro-green: #10b981;
  --metro-orange: #f59e0b;
  --metro-purple: #8b5cf6;
  --metro-rose: #f43f5e;
  
  --metro-bg: #f8fafc;
  --metro-surface: #ffffff;
  --metro-surface-alt: #f1f5f9;
  --metro-border: #e2e8f0;
  --metro-border-strong: #cbd5e1;
  
  --metro-text: #0f172a;
  --metro-text-muted: #64748b;
  --metro-text-subtle: #94a3b8;
  
  --metro-radius-sm: 6px;
  --metro-radius: 10px;
  --metro-radius-lg: 16px;
  --metro-radius-full: 9999px;
  
  --metro-shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  --metro-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07), 0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  --metro-shadow-lg: 0 10px 25px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08), 0 4px 6px -4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
  --metro-shadow-xl: 0 20px 30px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  
  --metro-font: 'Inter', ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
}

html[data-theme="dark"] {
  --metro-primary: #38bdf8;
  --metro-primary-dark: #0284c7;
  --metro-primary-light: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.15);
  --metro-secondary: #020617;
  --metro-accent: #60a5fa;
  
  --metro-bg: #090d16;
  --metro-surface: #111827;
  --metro-surface-alt: #1f2937;
  --metro-border: #1f2937;
  --metro-border-strong: #374151;
  
  --metro-text: #f8fafc;
  --metro-text-muted: #94a3b8;
  --metro-text-subtle: #64748b;
  
  --metro-shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  --metro-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  --metro-shadow-lg: 0 10px 25px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
  --metro-shadow-xl: 0 20px 30px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}

/* Universal Reset & Base */
*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  font-size: 16px;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background-color: var(--metro-bg);
  color: var(--metro-text);
  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  transition: background-color 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease;
}

a {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  text-decoration: none;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  transition: color 0.15s ease, opacity 0.15s ease;
}
a:hover {
  color: var(--metro-primary-dark);
}
.metro-prose a, .page a:not(.metro-button):not(.metro-galley-btn) {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35);
}
.metro-prose a:hover, .page a:not(.metro-button):not(.metro-galley-btn):hover {
  text-decoration-color: var(--metro-primary);
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  color: var(--metro-text);
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-top: 0;
}
h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3.5vw, 2.35rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 1.55rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin-top: 1.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
h3 {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
h4 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

p {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
}
strong, b {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--metro-text);
}

/* Screen reader utility */
.pkp_screen_reader, .pkp_screen_reader * {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px !important;
  height: 1px !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: -1px !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0) !important;
  white-space: nowrap !important;
  border: 0 !important;
}

/* Skip link */
.cmp_skip_to_content {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.5rem;
  left: 0.5rem;
  z-index: 9999;
}
.cmp_skip_to_content a {
  position: absolute;
  left: -9999px;
  background: var(--metro-secondary);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
}
.cmp_skip_to_content a:focus {
  position: static;
  left: auto;
  outline: 2px solid var(--metro-primary);
}

/* Container */
.metro-container {
  width: 92%;
  max-width: 1440px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  padding-right: 1.5rem;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .metro-container {
    width: 100%;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .metro-container {
    padding-left: 0.75rem;
    padding-right: 0.75rem;
  }
}

/* App Shell */
.metro-app {
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   1. TOPBAR
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-topbar {
  background-color: var(--metro-secondary);
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}
.metro-topbar,
.metro-topbar span,
.metro-topbar strong,
.metro-topbar__meta,
.metro-topbar__meta strong {
  color: #e2e8f0 !important;
}
.metro-topbar__meta strong {
  font-weight: 800 !important;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}
.metro-topbar__meta > span:not(.metro-open-access) {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
  min-height: 1.5rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.metro-topbar__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  min-height: 2.35rem;
  gap: 1rem;
}
.metro-topbar__meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.metro-topbar__meta i {
  color: #38bdf8 !important;
  opacity: 1 !important;
}
.metro-open-access {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  background: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.15);
  color: #34d399;
  border: 1px solid rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.3);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-full);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.metro-open-access i {
  color: #34d399 !important;
}
.metro-topbar__user {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}
.metro-user-menu {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
.metro-user-menu li {
  position: relative;
}
.metro-user-menu a {
  color: #cbd5e1;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
}
.metro-user-menu a:hover {
  color: #fff;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}
/* User Submenu dropdown */
.metro-user-menu ul {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 0.35rem);
  right: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  display: none;
  min-width: 12rem;
  padding: 0.4rem;
  margin: 0;
  list-style: none;
  background-color: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-lg);
}
.metro-user-menu li:hover > ul,
.metro-user-menu li:focus-within > ul {
  display: block;
}
.metro-user-menu ul a {
  display: block;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
}
.metro-user-menu ul a:hover {
  background-color: var(--metro-primary-light);
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   2. MAIN HEADER & BRAND
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-header {
  background-color: var(--metro-surface);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 40;
}
.metro-header__inner {
  padding-top: 0.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.metro-brand-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
}
.metro-brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  text-decoration: none;
  max-width: 70%;
}
.metro-brand:hover {
  color: var(--metro-text);
}
.metro-logo {
  max-height: 3.25rem;
  max-width: 220px;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.metro-brand__icon {
  width: 2.75rem;
  height: 2.75rem;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--metro-primary), var(--metro-accent));
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.metro-brand__copy {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.metro-brand__copy strong {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--metro-text);
}
.metro-brand__copy small {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.metro-header__controls {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.metro-theme-toggle {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  justify-content: center !important;
  width: 2.5rem !important;
  height: 2.5rem !important;
  min-width: 2.5rem !important;
  min-height: 2.5rem !important;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius) !important;
  background-color: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border: 2px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) !important;
  cursor: pointer !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  line-height: 1 !important;
  transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
}
.metro-theme-toggle:hover {
  background-color: #e2e8f0 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.metro-theme-toggle .metro-sun {
  display: inline-block !important;
  color: #d97706 !important;
  font-size: 1.15rem !important;
}
.metro-theme-toggle .metro-moon {
  display: none !important;
  color: #38bdf8 !important;
  font-size: 1.15rem !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .metro-theme-toggle {
  background-color: #1e293b !important;
  border-color: #475569 !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .metro-theme-toggle:hover {
  background-color: #334155 !important;
  border-color: #38bdf8 !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .metro-theme-toggle .metro-sun {
  display: none !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .metro-theme-toggle .metro-moon {
  display: inline-block !important;
}
.metro-menu-toggle {
  display: none !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  justify-content: center !important;
  width: 2.5rem !important;
  height: 2.5rem !important;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius) !important;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt) !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border-strong) !important;
  color: var(--metro-text) !important;
}
.metro-menu-toggle i {
  color: var(--metro-text) !important;
  font-size: 1.1rem !important;
}

/* Navigation Bar */
.metro-navigation {
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-navigation__main {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
}
.metro-primary-menu {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
.metro-primary-menu > li {
  position: relative;
}
.metro-primary-menu > li > a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
}
.metro-primary-menu > li > a:hover {
  background-color: var(--metro-primary-light);
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
/* Primary Submenu */
.metro-primary-menu ul {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  display: none;
  min-width: 14rem;
  padding: 0.5rem;
  margin: 0;
  list-style: none;
  background-color: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-lg);
}
.metro-primary-menu li:hover > ul,
.metro-primary-menu li:focus-within > ul {
  display: block;
}
.metro-primary-menu ul a {
  display: block;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
}
.metro-primary-menu ul a:hover {
  background-color: var(--metro-primary-light);
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}

.metro-search {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.9rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.metro-search:hover {
  background: var(--metro-primary);
  border-color: var(--metro-primary);
  color: #fff;
}
.metro-mobile-user {
  display: none;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   3. HERO BANNER (Metro Journal Showcase)
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-hero {
  position: relative;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0a192f 0%, #0f3460 60%, #1a365d 100%);
  color: #f8fafc;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 2.25rem 2rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.metro-hero__pattern {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image: radial-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 20px 20px;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.metro-hero__medical {
  position: absolute;
  right: -2rem;
  bottom: -2rem;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 8rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.metro-hero__content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.4fr) minmax(280px, 1fr);
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: center;
}
.metro-hero__badges {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}
.metro-peer-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  color: #e2e8f0;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-full);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.metro-hero__copy h1 {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3.5vw, 2.5rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}
.metro-hero__copy p {
  color: #cbd5e1;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.metro-hero__actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.metro-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.35rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.metro-button--primary {
  background: var(--metro-primary);
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-primary);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.4);
}
.metro-button--primary:hover {
  background: var(--metro-primary-dark);
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.5);
}
.metro-button--outline {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}
.metro-button--outline:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Hero Shortcut Tiles */
.metro-hero__shortcuts {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.85rem;
}
.metro-shortcut {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 1.25rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  color: #ffffff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  text-align: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, filter 0.2s ease;
}
.metro-shortcut i {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}
.metro-shortcut:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  filter: brightness(1.1);
}
.metro-shortcut--blue { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1); }
.metro-shortcut--green { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669, #047857); }
.metro-shortcut--orange { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #d97706, #b45309); }
.metro-shortcut--purple { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #7c3aed, #6d28d9); }

/* ==========================================================================
   4. HOMEPAGE GRID & CURRENT ISSUE
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-home-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, calc(78.5% - 12px)) minmax(260px, calc(21.5% - 12px));
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: start;
}
.metro-home-main {
  min-width: 0;
}
.metro-home-side {
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  position: sticky;
  top: 7.5rem;
  align-self: start;
}
.metro-home-native-sidebar {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1rem;
}
.metro-home-native-sidebar .metro-sidebar__heading {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.metro-home-native-sidebar .pkp_block,
.metro-home-native-sidebar .block_custom {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.metro-home-native-sidebar .pkp_block h2,
.metro-home-native-sidebar .block_custom > .title {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem !important;
  padding: 0 0 0.5rem !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border) !important;
  font-size: 0.925rem !important;
}
.metro-home-side .metro-side-card {
  margin: 0;
}
.metro-home-side .metro-side-card h2 {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem !important;
  padding: 0 0 0.5rem !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border) !important;
  font-size: 0.95rem !important;
}
.metro-home-side .metro-side-description {
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .metro-home-grid,
  .metro-content.has-sidebar {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 260px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .metro-home-grid,
  .metro-content.has-sidebar {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .metro-home-side,
  .metro-sidebar {
    position: static;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
  }
}

/* Current Issue Card */
.metro-current-card {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}
.metro-current-card .metro-current-details {
  min-width: 0;
}
.metro-current-card .metro-current-details h2 {
  margin: 0.35rem 0 0.8rem !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  border: 0 !important;
  font-size: 1.35rem !important;
  line-height: 1.3 !important;
}
.metro-current-card .metro-current-meta {
  padding: 0.65rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-current-description {
  margin: 1rem 0;
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--metro-primary);
  border-radius: 0 var(--metro-radius) var(--metro-radius) 0;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
}
.metro-current-description p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.metro-current-description::before {
  content: "Issue Description";
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.metro-current-cover {
  display: block;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-current-cover img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 3/4;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}
.metro-current-cover:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.03);
}
.metro-section-label {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  background: var(--metro-primary-light);
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  padding: 0.2rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-full);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.metro-current-details h2 {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.metro-current-details h2 a {
  color: var(--metro-text);
}
.metro-current-details h2 a:hover {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-current-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}
.metro-current-meta span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}
.metro-current-meta i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-current-description {
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.metro-text-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-text-link:hover {
  color: var(--metro-primary-dark);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   5. LATEST ARTICLES SECTION & ARTICLE CARDS
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-articles-section {
  margin-top: 2rem;
}
.metro-section-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-section-header h2 {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.metro-section-header h2 i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-more-link {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}

.metro-articles-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

/* Article Card */
.metro-article-card {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1.35rem 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}
.metro-article-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow);
  border-color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-article-card__top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.metro-article-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.55rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.metro-article-date {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-subtle);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
}
.metro-article-card__title {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}
.metro-article-card__title a {
  color: var(--metro-text);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.metro-article-card__title a:hover {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-article-card__subtitle {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}
.metro-article-card__authors {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.metro-article-card__authors i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
}
.metro-author-tag {
  color: var(--metro-text-subtle);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}
.metro-article-card__meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.metro-meta-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  color: var(--metro-text);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-meta-pill:hover {
  background: var(--metro-primary-light);
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-meta-pill--doi {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  word-break: break-all;
}
.metro-meta-stat {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
}
.metro-article-card__actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  padding-top: 0.75rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-galley-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  color: var(--metro-text);
}
.metro-galley-btn--pdf {
  border-color: rgba(244, 63, 94, 0.35);
  background: rgba(244, 63, 94, 0.06);
  color: #e11d48;
}
.metro-galley-btn--pdf:hover {
  background: #e11d48;
  border-color: #e11d48;
  color: #fff;
}
.metro-galley-btn--pdf:hover i {
  color: #fff !important;
}
.metro-galley-count {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  padding: 0.1rem 0.35rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  margin-left: 0.15rem;
}
.metro-galley-btn--view {
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
}
.metro-galley-btn--view:hover {
  background: var(--metro-primary);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: var(--metro-primary);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   6. SIDEBAR & CUSTOM BLOCKS
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  padding-top: 2rem;
  padding-bottom: 3.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}
.metro-content.has-sidebar {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, calc(78.5% - 12px)) minmax(260px, calc(21.5% - 12px));
}
.metro-content__main {
  min-width: 0;
}
.metro-sidebar {
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}
.metro-sidebar__heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 1rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--metro-secondary), #1e293b);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.metro-sidebar__heading i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}

/* Block Styles */
.metro-sidebar .pkp_block,
.metro-sidebar .block_custom,
.metro-side-card {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1.25rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.metro-sidebar .pkp_block h2,
.metro-sidebar .block_custom > .title,
.metro-side-card h2 {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--metro-border);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}
.metro-sidebar .pkp_block h2 i,
.metro-side-card h2 i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-sidebar .block_custom > .title.pkp_screen_reader {
  position: static !important;
  width: auto !important;
  height: auto !important;
  overflow: visible !important;
  clip: auto !important;
  display: flex !important;
  color: var(--metro-text) !important;
}
.metro-sidebar .block_custom .content {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.metro-sidebar .block_custom .content img {
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  margin: 0.5rem auto;
}
.metro-sidebar .pkp_block ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
.metro-sidebar .pkp_block li {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-sidebar .pkp_block li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.metro-sidebar .pkp_block li a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.25rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.metro-sidebar .pkp_block li a:hover {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  transform: translateX(3px);
}

/* Custom Menu Block (Gradient Sidebar Cards) */
.metro-sidebar .customblock-menu,
.metro-sidebar [id*="menu"],
.metro-sidebar [class*="menu"] {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--metro-primary), var(--metro-accent));
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}
.metro-sidebar .customblock-menu > .title,
.metro-sidebar [id*="menu"] > .title,
.metro-sidebar [class*="menu"] > .title {
  color: #fff !important;
  border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) !important;
}
.metro-sidebar .customblock-menu a,
.metro-sidebar [id*="menu"] a,
.metro-sidebar [class*="menu"] a {
  color: #fff !important;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.5rem !important;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
}
.metro-sidebar .customblock-menu a:hover,
.metro-sidebar [id*="menu"] a:hover,
.metro-sidebar [class*="menu"] a:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) !important;
  transform: translateX(3px);
}
.metro-sidebar .customblock-menu li,
.metro-sidebar [id*="menu"] li,
.metro-sidebar [class*="menu"] li {
  border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15) !important;
}

/* Side Card: Publish With Us */
.metro-side-card--submission {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669, #047857);
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(5, 150, 105, 0.25);
}
.metro-side-card--submission h2 {
  color: #fff;
  border-bottom: none;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}
.metro-side-card--submission p {
  color: #d1fae5;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.metro-side-icon {
  font-size: 2rem;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  color: #6ee7b7;
}
.metro-side-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  background: #fff;
  color: #047857 !important;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.metro-side-link:hover {
  background: #f0fdf4;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Issue View */
.metro-issue-view-card {
  padding: 1.5rem;
}
.metro-issue-view-card > h1 {
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem !important;
}
.metro-issue-view-card .obj_issue_toc {
  border: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  padding: 0;
  background: transparent;
}
.metro-issue-view-card .obj_issue_toc > .heading {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-issue-view-card .obj_issue_toc .sections {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   7. ARTICLE DETAILS / PAGE VIEW
   ========================================================================== */
.obj_article_details {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 2rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.obj_article_details .page_title {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.obj_article_details .subtitle {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.obj_article_details .row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(260px, 32%);
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}
.obj_article_details .main_entry {
  min-width: 0;
}
.obj_article_details .entry_details {
  min-width: 0;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1.25rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}
.obj_article_details .item {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.obj_article_details .item .label {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  display: block;
}
.obj_article_details .item .value {
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Author Section in Article View */
.obj_article_details .authors {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
.obj_article_details .authors li {
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
}
.obj_article_details .authors .name {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}
.obj_article_details .authors .affiliation,
.obj_article_details .authors .userGroup,
.obj_article_details .authors .orcid {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
}
.obj_article_details .authors .affiliation i,
.obj_article_details .authors .userGroup i,
.obj_article_details .authors .orcid i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}

/* Citation Formats Dropdown */
.citation_formats {
  position: relative;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.citation_formats_button {
  display: flex !important;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem !important;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius) !important;
  background: var(--metro-surface) !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border) !important;
  color: var(--metro-text) !important;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.citation_formats_button::after {
  content: "\f107";
  font-family: 'FontAwesome', 'Font Awesome 6 Free';
  font-weight: 900;
  transition: transform 0.2s;
}
.citation_formats_button[aria-expanded="true"]::after {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}
.citation_formats_list {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 0.35rem);
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  display: none;
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-lg);
  padding: 0.5rem;
}
.citation_formats_list[aria-hidden="false"] {
  display: block;
}
.citation_formats_styles {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.citation_formats_styles a {
  display: block;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.65rem;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.citation_formats_styles a:hover {
  background: var(--metro-primary-light);
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   8. GENERIC PAGES & FORMS (About, Contact, Submissions, Login, etc.)
   ========================================================================== */
.page, .pkp_page_content {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 2rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.page > h1, .pkp_page_content > h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.2vw, 1.65rem) !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em !important;
  line-height: 1.3 !important;
  color: var(--metro-text) !important;
  margin-top: 0 !important;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem !important;
  padding-bottom: 0.65rem !important;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--metro-border) !important;
}

/* Metro Breadcrumb Bar: isolated from native OJS selectors */
.metro-breadcrumb-shell {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.metro-breadcrumb {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
  min-height: 2.25rem;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.75rem;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.metro-breadcrumb a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
.metro-breadcrumb a:hover {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-breadcrumb__home i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-breadcrumb__chevron {
  color: var(--metro-text-subtle);
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  opacity: 0.7;
}
.metro-breadcrumb__current {
  color: var(--metro-text);
  font-weight: 700;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
  max-width: min(44vw, 480px);
}
/* Hide any native breadcrumb styling if injected by OJS */
.cmp_breadcrumbs {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
}

/* Forms */
form {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
}
fieldset, .section, .pkp_form {
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  padding: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
label, .label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}
input:not([type="checkbox"]):not([type="radio"]):not([type="submit"]):not([type="button"]),
select, textarea {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 2.65rem;
  padding: 0.6rem 0.85rem;
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  background-color: #ffffff;
  color: #0f172a;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  transition: border-color 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}
input:focus, select:focus, textarea:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--metro-primary);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--metro-primary-light);
}
html[data-theme="dark"] input:not([type="checkbox"]):not([type="radio"]):not([type="submit"]):not([type="button"]),
html[data-theme="dark"] select,
html[data-theme="dark"] textarea {
  background-color: #111827;
  color: #f8fafc;
  border-color: #374151;
}
textarea {
  min-height: 8rem;
  resize: vertical;
}
input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] {
  accent-color: var(--metro-primary);
  width: 1.1rem;
  height: 1.1rem;
  margin-right: 0.45rem;
}
button, input[type="submit"], .pkp_button, .cmp_button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  min-height: 2.65rem;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  background: var(--metro-primary);
  color: #fff !important;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
button:hover, input[type="submit"]:hover, .pkp_button:hover, .cmp_button:hover {
  background: var(--metro-primary-dark);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.4);
}

/* Tables */
table, .cmp_table, .pkpTable {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: separate;
  border-spacing: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  margin: 1.25rem 0;
}
th, td {
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  text-align: left;
}
th {
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: none;
}

/* Contact Page Grid */
.contact_section {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1.25rem;
}
.contact_section > .address {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  padding: 1.25rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.contact_section > .contact {
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  padding: 1.25rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}

/* Issue Archive Grid */
.issues_archive {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}
.obj_issue_summary {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  padding: 1.25rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.obj_issue_summary .cover img {
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}
.obj_issue_summary .title {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

/* Search Page */
.page_search .search_input {
  position: relative;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.page_search input.query,
.search_input input {
  background-color: #ffffff !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  border: 2px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius) !important;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.15rem !important;
  font-size: 1rem !important;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) !important;
}
.page_search input.query:focus,
.search_input input:focus {
  background-color: #ffffff !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.2) !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .page_search input.query,
html[data-theme="dark"] .search_input input {
  background-color: #111827 !important;
  color: #f8fafc !important;
  border-color: #374151 !important;
}

.page_search .search_advanced {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.page_search .search_advanced legend {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.page_search .search_advanced .date_range {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1.25rem;
}
.page_search .search_advanced .date_range fieldset {
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  padding: 1rem;
}
.page_search .search_advanced .date_range legend {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.page_search .search_advanced .author {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

/* Usage Statistics Downloads Chart */
.downloads_chart {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1.75rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.downloads_chart .label {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--metro-border);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.downloads_chart canvas.usageStatsGraph {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-height: 320px !important;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
.downloads_chart .usageStatsUnavailable {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px dashed var(--metro-border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}
.search_results {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

/* Notifications */
.cmp_notification, .pkp_form_error {
  padding: 0.85rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.3);
  color: #b45309;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* Metro Pagination */
.cmp_pagination.metro-pagination {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding-top: 1.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-pagination__controls {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.metro-pagination__btn,
.metro-pagination__current {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  min-height: 2.5rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.9rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
}
.metro-pagination__btn {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  color: var(--metro-text);
}
.metro-pagination__btn:hover {
  background: var(--metro-primary);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: var(--metro-primary);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.metro-pagination__btn.is-disabled {
  opacity: 0.45;
  cursor: not-allowed;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
}
.metro-pagination__current {
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  cursor: default;
}
.metro-pagination__current i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .metro-pagination__controls {
    width: 100%;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }
  .metro-pagination__current {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    grid-row: 1;
  }
  .metro-pagination__btn {
    width: 100%;
  }
}

/* Multi-Journal Site Index */
.page_index_site .journals > ul {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(360px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
.page_index_site .journals > ul > li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 100px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.25rem;
  padding: 1.25rem;
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.page_index_site .thumb {
  width: 100px;
  height: 135px;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.page_index_site .thumb img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.page_index_site .links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
}
.page_index_site .links a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.page_index_site .links a:hover {
  background: var(--metro-primary);
  color: #fff;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   9. FOOTER
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-footer {
  margin-top: auto;
  background-color: var(--metro-secondary);
  color: #94a3b8;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}
.metro-footer h2 {
  color: #f8fafc;
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.metro-footer__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 1fr 1.2fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  padding-top: 3.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 2.5rem;
}
.metro-footer__brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.metro-footer__brand img {
  max-height: 2.75rem;
  width: auto;
}
.metro-footer__description {
  color: #94a3b8;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.metro-footer__badges {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.metro-footer__badges span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  color: #cbd5e1;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-full);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.metro-footer ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.metro-footer li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.metro-footer a {
  color: #cbd5e1;
}
.metro-footer a:hover {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-footer__cta {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  background: var(--metro-primary);
  color: #fff !important;
  padding: 0.55rem 1.1rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
.metro-footer__cta:hover {
  background: var(--metro-primary-dark);
}
.metro-footer__custom {
  padding-bottom: 2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
}
.metro-footer__bottom {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  padding: 1.25rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
}
.metro-footer__bottom .metro-container {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   10. RESPONSIVENESS (Mobile & Tablet)
   ========================================================================== */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .metro-hero__content {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
  .metro-home-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .metro-home-side {
    position: static;
  }
  .metro-content.has-sidebar {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .metro-footer__grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .metro-topbar {
    display: none; /* Mobile navigation holds user links */
  }
  .metro-menu-toggle {
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    width: 2.5rem !important;
    height: 2.5rem !important;
    min-width: 2.5rem !important;
    min-height: 2.5rem !important;
    background-color: var(--metro-surface-alt) !important;
    color: var(--metro-text) !important;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--metro-border-strong) !important;
    border-radius: var(--metro-radius) !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
  }
  .metro-menu-toggle i {
    display: inline-block !important;
    color: var(--metro-text) !important;
    font-size: 1.1rem !important;
  }
  .metro-navigation {
    display: none !important;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .metro-navigation.is-open {
    display: block !important;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    padding-top: 0.75rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  }
  .metro-navigation__main {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
  }
  .metro-primary-menu {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
  }
  .metro-primary-menu > li > a {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.65rem 0.5rem;
  }
  .metro-primary-menu ul {
    position: static;
    display: none;
    box-shadow: none;
    border: none;
    background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
  }
  .metro-primary-menu li.is-expanded > ul {
    display: block;
  }
  .metro-search {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
  }
  .metro-mobile-user {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    padding-top: 0.75rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  }
  .metro-mobile-user__menu {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
  }
  .metro-mobile-user__menu li {
    display: block !important;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .metro-mobile-user__menu a {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.65rem 0.75rem;
    background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
    color: var(--metro-text);
    border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
    border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  
  .metro-hero {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem;
    border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  }
  .metro-current-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .metro-current-cover {
    max-width: 160px;
    margin: 0 auto 0.5rem;
  }
  .metro-current-details {
    text-align: center;
  }
  .metro-current-meta {
    justify-content: center;
  }
  .metro-hero__shortcuts {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }
  .obj_article_details {
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }
  .obj_article_details .row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .contact_section {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .page_search .search_advanced .date_range {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .metro-footer__grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.75rem;
    padding-top: 2rem;
  }
  .page_index_site .journals > ul {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   11. OJS COMPONENTS: ISSUE TOC, ANNOUNCEMENTS, LOADING, EMPTY STATES
   ========================================================================== */
.obj_issue_toc {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.obj_issue_toc > .heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: start;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.obj_issue_toc .cover img {
  width: 150px;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow);
}
.obj_issue_toc .description {
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: .9rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.obj_issue_toc .pub_id,
.obj_issue_toc .published {
  display: flex;
  gap: .4rem;
  margin-top: .45rem;
  font-size: .82rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
}
.obj_issue_toc .pub_id .type,
.obj_issue_toc .published .label {
  color: var(--metro-text);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.obj_issue_toc .sections > .section {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
}
.obj_issue_toc .sections > .section > h2,
.obj_issue_toc .sections > .section > h3 {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: .65rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--metro-border);
  color: var(--metro-text);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}
.obj_issue_toc .cmp_article_list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
.obj_issue_toc .cmp_article_list > li {
  margin: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.cmp_announcements {
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
  padding: 1.25rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.cmp_announcements > h2 {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .45rem;
}
.cmp_announcements .obj_announcement_summary {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
}
.cmp_announcements .obj_announcement_summary h3,
.cmp_announcements .obj_announcement_summary h4 {
  margin: 0 0 .35rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
}
.cmp_announcements .date {
  color: var(--metro-text-subtle);
  font-size: .78rem;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
}
.cmp_announcements .summary {
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: .875rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}
.cmp_announcements .more {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: .75rem;
  margin-top: .75rem;
}
.cmp_announcements .read_more {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: .65rem;
  padding: .35rem .65rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  background: var(--metro-primary-light);
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

/* Native OJS spinner becomes skeleton shimmer */
.pkp_spinner,
.pkp_loading,
.pkpStats__loadingCover,
.metro-skeleton {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 4rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--metro-surface-alt) 25%, var(--metro-border) 50%, var(--metro-surface-alt) 75%);
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  animation: metro-shimmer 1.4s infinite linear;
  border: 0 !important;
}
.pkp_spinner::before,
.pkp_spinner::after {
  display: none !important;
  content: none !important;
}
.pkp_loading .message {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px !important;
  height: 1px !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0) !important;
}
.metro-skeleton--text { min-height: .85rem; width: 70%; }
.metro-skeleton--title { min-height: 1.35rem; width: 55%; }
.metro-skeleton--card { min-height: 9rem; }
@keyframes metro-shimmer {
  to { background-position: -200% 0; }
}

.metro-empty-state {
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  border: 1px dashed var(--metro-border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
}
.metro-empty-state > i,
.metro-empty-state .metro-empty-icon {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  font-size: 2.5rem;
}
.metro-empty-state .metro-button {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  justify-content: center !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
.metro-empty-state .metro-button i {
  display: inline-block !important;
  font-size: 0.95rem !important;
  margin-bottom: 0 !important;
  margin-right: 0.45rem !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

.page_login,
.page_register,
.page_lost_password {
  max-width: 680px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.page_login .buttons,
.page_register .buttons,
.page_lost_password .buttons {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .75rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.section_policy,
.author_guidelines,
.submission_checklist,
.copyright_notice,
.privacy_statement {
  margin: 1rem 0;
  padding: 1.15rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .metro-container {
    padding-left: .75rem;
    padding-right: .75rem;
  }
  .metro-brand {
    max-width: calc(100% - 5.5rem);
  }
  .metro-logo {
    max-width: 160px;
    max-height: 2.5rem;
  }
  .metro-hero {
    margin-top: .75rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    padding: 1.25rem 1rem;
  }
  .metro-hero__copy h1 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }
  .metro-hero__shortcuts {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .metro-current-card,
  .metro-article-card,
  .obj_article_details,
  .obj_issue_toc,
  .page,
  .pkp_page_content {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  .metro-current-cover {
    max-width: 130px;
  }
  .metro-article-card__top,
  .metro-section-header {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  .metro-article-card__meta,
  .metro-article-card__actions {
    align-items: stretch;
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  .metro-meta-pill,
  .metro-galley-btn {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  .obj_issue_toc > .heading {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .obj_issue_toc .cover img {
    width: 130px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
  .cmp_announcements .more {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .issues_archive {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .page_index_site .journals > ul > li {
    grid-template-columns: 80px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: .75rem;
    padding: .85rem;
  }
  .page_index_site .thumb {
    width: 80px;
    height: 108px;
  }
  .metro-footer__bottom .metro-container {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  table, .cmp_table, .pkpTable {
    display: block;
    overflow-x: auto;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   12. METRO ARTICLE VIEW & DETAILS
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-page-article {
  background: transparent !important;
  border: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
}
.metro-article-view {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 2.25rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow);
}
.metro-article-view__header {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--metro-border);
}
/* Article heading uses header divider only; prevent duplicate h1 divider */
.metro-article-view__header .metro-article-view__title,
.metro-article-view__header h1.page_title {
  border-bottom: 0 !important;
  padding-bottom: 0 !important;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem !important;
}
.metro-article-view__badges {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}
.metro-article-view__title {
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3.2vw, 2.35rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.metro-article-view__subtitle {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.metro-article-view__doi {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.metro-doi-label {
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}
.metro-doi-link {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  word-break: break-all;
}

/* Authors Grid in Article View */
.metro-article-view__authors-section {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.metro-article-authors-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
.metro-author-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.metro-author-card__avatar {
  width: 2.75rem;
  height: 2.75rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  background: var(--metro-primary-light);
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-full);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
}
.metro-author-card__info {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.2rem;
}
.metro-author-card__info .name {
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--metro-text);
}
.metro-author-card__info .affiliation,
.metro-author-card__info .userGroup,
.metro-author-card__info .orcid {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
}
.metro-author-card__info .orcid a {
  color: #10b981;
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Article Body Grid */
.metro-article-view__body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.45fr) minmax(280px, 1fr);
  gap: 2.25rem;
  align-items: start;
}
.metro-article-view__main {
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.75rem;
}
.metro-section-card {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.metro-card-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-card-heading i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-prose {
  color: var(--metro-text);
  line-height: 1.8;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.metro-prose p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.metro-keywords-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.metro-keyword-tag {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  color: var(--metro-text);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  padding: 0.3rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-full);
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.metro-keyword-tag i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-references-list ol {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.85rem;
}
.metro-references-list li {
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Article Sidebar Box */
.metro-article-view__side {
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.metro-side-box {
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1.35rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.metro-side-box h3 {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border-strong);
}
.metro-side-box h3 i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-side-box--galleys {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08), rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.08));
  border-color: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}
.metro-galleys-stack {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.65rem;
}
.metro-galleys-stack .metro-galley-btn {
  width: 100%;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.65rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}
.metro-side-issue-cover img {
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  max-width: 130px;
  margin: 0 auto 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-issue-link {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.925rem;
}
.metro-issue-link:hover {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-side-section-name {
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

/* Citation formatting */
.metro-citation-text {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.metro-citation-download-label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}
.metro-citation-downloads {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}
.metro-citation-downloads a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.65rem;
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--metro-text);
}
.metro-citation-downloads a:hover {
  background: var(--metro-primary-light);
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-versions-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.metro-versions-list li {
  padding: 0.35rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-badge-current {
  display: inline-block;
  background: #10b981;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.1rem 0.4rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  margin-left: 0.35rem;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   13. METRO SCHOLARLY SEARCH ENGINE LAYOUT
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-page-search {
  max-width: 100%;
}
.metro-search-header {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-search-header h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3.5vw, 2.35rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0.35rem;
}
.metro-search-subtitle {
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.metro-search-form {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}
.metro-search-bar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.metro-search-bar__input-wrap {
  position: relative;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
}
.metro-search-bar__icon {
  position: absolute;
  left: 1.15rem;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.metro-search-bar__input {
  width: 100% !important;
  height: 3.5rem !important;
  min-height: 3.5rem !important;
  padding-left: 3rem !important;
  padding-right: 1.25rem !important;
  font-size: 1.05rem !important;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius) !important;
  border: 2px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  background-color: #ffffff !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
  transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
}
.metro-search-bar__input:focus {
  border-color: var(--metro-primary) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px var(--metro-primary-light) !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .metro-search-bar__input {
  background-color: #111827 !important;
  color: #f8fafc !important;
  border-color: #374151 !important;
}
.metro-search-bar__submit {
  height: 3.5rem;
  padding: 0 1.75rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Advanced filters dropdown/details */
.metro-search-advanced {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.metro-search-advanced__trigger {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 0.85rem 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  cursor: pointer;
  user-select: none;
}
.metro-search-advanced__trigger::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}
.metro-search-advanced__trigger .metro-chevron {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}
.metro-search-advanced[open] .metro-chevron {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}
.metro-search-advanced__content {
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-filter-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.metro-filter-group--full {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}
.metro-filter-label {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.metro-filter-label i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-date-selects fieldset {
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.metro-date-selects fieldset legend {
  display: none;
}
.metro-date-selects fieldset label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--metro-text-subtle);
  margin: 0 0.15rem 0 0.35rem;
}
.metro-date-selects fieldset select {
  min-height: 2.25rem !important;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.65rem !important;
  font-size: 0.85rem !important;
  width: auto !important;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
}
.metro-search-advanced__footer {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding-top: 1.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-results-count {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-full);
  background: var(--metro-primary-light);
  color: var(--metro-primary-dark);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.metro-search-results-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .metro-search-bar {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  .metro-search-bar__submit {
    width: 100%;
  }
  .metro-filter-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   15. CONTENT PAGES & ABOUT PAGE TYPOGRAPHY REFINEMENT
   ========================================================================== */
/* Outer page wrapper is transparent. Breadcrumbs sit outside content card. */
.page.metro-page-wrapper,
.metro-page-wrapper,
.metro-page-article,
.metro-page-search,
.metro-page-login {
  background: transparent !important;
  border: none !important;
  border-radius: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
  max-width: 100% !important;
}
.metro-content-card {
  background: var(--metro-surface) !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border) !important;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg) !important;
  padding: 2rem !important;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm) !important;
}
.page:not(.metro-page-wrapper):not(.metro-page-article):not(.metro-page-search):not(.metro-page-login),
.pkp_page_content {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 2rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
  max-width: 100%;
}

.page > h1, .page_about > h1, .pkp_page_content > h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.2vw, 1.65rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--metro-border);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.page h2, .page_about h2, .page .content h2 {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-top: 2.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
}
.page h2::before, .page_about h2::before, .page .content h2::before {
  content: "";
  display: inline-block;
  width: 4px;
  height: 1.15em;
  background: var(--metro-primary);
  border-radius: 2px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.page h3, .page_about h3, .page .content h3 {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.page p, .page_about p, .page .content p {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

/* Links inside content / about page */
.page p a, .page li a, .page .content a, .page_about a:not(.metro-button):not(.metro-galley-btn) {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35);
  transition: color 0.15s ease, text-decoration-color 0.15s ease;
}
.page p a:hover, .page li a:hover, .page .content a:hover, .page_about a:not(.metro-button):not(.metro-galley-btn):hover {
  color: var(--metro-primary-dark);
  text-decoration-color: var(--metro-primary);
}

/* Never underline breadcrumb, navigation, title, or button links */
.cmp_breadcrumbs a,
.cmp_breadcrumbs a:hover,
.page h1 a,
.page h2 a,
.page h3 a,
.metro-button,
.metro-galley-btn,
.metro-brand,
.metro-user-menu a,
.metro-primary-menu a {
  text-decoration: none !important;
}

/* Clean up lists inside page content */
.page ul:not(.pkp_nav_list):not(.cmp_breadcrumbs),
.page ol:not(.cmp_breadcrumbs),
.page_about ul,
.page_about ol {
  margin: 1rem 0 1.5rem;
  padding-left: 1.75rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
}
.page ul:not(.pkp_nav_list) li,
.page ol li,
.page_about li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Blockquotes inside content */
.page blockquote, .page_about blockquote {
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--metro-primary);
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border-radius: 0 var(--metro-radius) var(--metro-radius) 0;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  font-style: italic;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .page, .page_about, .pkp_page_content {
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   14. METRO 4-STAT QUICK TILES (JURDIKES METRICS)
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-quick-tiles-wrapper {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 10;
}
.metro-quick-tiles-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 1.25rem;
}
.metro-tile {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.35rem 1rem;
  min-height: 155px;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  color: #ffffff !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.1, 0.9, 0.2, 1), box-shadow 0.2s ease, filter 0.2s ease;
}
.metro-tile:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  filter: brightness(1.08);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16);
  color: #ffffff !important;
}
.metro-tile-blue {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #0369a1);
  border-bottom: 4px solid #38bdf8;
}
.metro-tile-green {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #059669, #047857);
  border-bottom: 4px solid #34d399;
}
.metro-tile-orange {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #d97706, #b45309);
  border-bottom: 4px solid #fbbf24;
}
.metro-tile-purple {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #7c3aed, #6d28d9);
  border-bottom: 4px solid #a78bfa;
}

.metro-stat-tile-top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}
.metro-stat-tile-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  padding: 4px 10px;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-full);
  color: #ffffff;
}
.metro-stat-tile-watermark {
  font-size: 3.5rem;
  opacity: 0.15;
  position: absolute;
  right: 8px;
  top: 6px;
  pointer-events: none;
  color: #ffffff;
  transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.1, 0.9, 0.2, 1), opacity 0.3s ease;
}
.metro-tile:hover .metro-stat-tile-watermark {
  transform: scale(1.15) rotate(-6deg);
  opacity: 0.28;
}

.metro-stat-tile-main {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.metro-stat-tile-number {
  font-size: 2.25rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: #ffffff;
  margin-bottom: 3px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 5px;
}
.metro-stat-counter {
  display: inline-block;
  min-width: 1ch;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease, text-shadow 0.25s ease;
}
.metro-stat-counter.is-counted {
  animation: metro-counter-pop 0.35s ease-out;
}
@keyframes metro-counter-pop {
  0% { transform: scale(0.92); opacity: 0.8; }
  55% { transform: scale(1.08); opacity: 1; }
  100% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; }
}
.metro-stat-unit {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  opacity: 0.9;
}
.metro-stat-tile-label {
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.metro-stat-tile-footer {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  font-size: 0.725rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  padding-top: 0.6rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}
.metro-tile:hover .metro-stat-tile-footer {
  color: #ffffff;
}
.metro-stat-tile-footer i {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}
.metro-tile:hover .metro-stat-tile-footer i {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .metro-quick-tiles-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .metro-quick-tiles-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .metro-article-view {
    padding: 1.25rem;
  }
  .metro-article-view__body {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
  .metro-article-authors-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   16. AUTHOR GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION (CHOROPLETH MAP & RANKINGS)
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-author-map-section {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
}
.metro-section-subtitle {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
}
.metro-map-mode-toggle {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.metro-mode-pill,
.metro-mode-btn {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  gap: 0.4rem !important;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.95rem !important;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-full) !important;
  font-size: 0.8125rem !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--metro-border-strong) !important;
  background-color: var(--metro-surface) !important;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted) !important;
  cursor: pointer !important;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) !important;
  transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
}
.metro-mode-pill:hover,
.metro-mode-btn:hover {
  background-color: var(--metro-surface-alt) !important;
  color: var(--metro-text) !important;
  border-color: var(--metro-primary) !important;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.metro-mode-pill.active,
.metro-mode-btn.active {
  background-color: var(--metro-primary) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: var(--metro-primary) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35) !important;
}
.metro-mode-pill.active i,
.metro-mode-btn.active i {
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

/* 4 Mini Metric Indicator Tiles */
.metro-author-stats-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}
.metro-author-stat-card {
  background-color: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  padding: 1rem 1.15rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}
.metro-author-stat-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow);
}
.metro-border-blue { border-left: 4px solid #0284c7 !important; }
.metro-border-green { border-left: 4px solid #10b981 !important; }
.metro-border-orange { border-left: 4px solid #f59e0b !important; }
.metro-border-purple { border-left: 4px solid #8b5cf6 !important; }

.metro-author-stat-icon {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  background-color: var(--metro-surface-alt);
}
.metro-author-stat-icon.text-primary { color: var(--metro-primary); }
.metro-author-stat-icon.text-success { color: #10b981; }
.metro-author-stat-icon.text-warning { color: #f59e0b; }
.metro-author-stat-icon.text-purple { color: #8b5cf6; }

.metro-author-stat-info {
  min-width: 0;
  flex-grow: 1;
}
.metro-author-stat-num {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.15;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-bottom: 2px;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.metro-author-stat-label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

/* Map and Rankings Grid */
.metro-map-and-rankings-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.7fr) minmax(280px, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}
.metro-map-col, .metro-rankings-col {
  min-width: 0;
}
.metro-card {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.metro-map-card {
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.metro-map-card__top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.metro-map-card__badge-wrap {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.metro-badge-primary {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: var(--metro-primary);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
}
.metro-btn-reset-map {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  gap: 0.4rem !important;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem !important;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm) !important;
  background-color: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) !important;
  font-size: 0.78rem !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  cursor: pointer !important;
  transition: all 0.15s ease !important;
}
.metro-btn-reset-map i {
  color: var(--metro-primary) !important;
  font-size: 0.8rem !important;
}
.metro-btn-reset-map:hover {
  background-color: var(--metro-primary) !important;
  border-color: var(--metro-primary) !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}
.metro-btn-reset-map:hover i {
  color: #ffffff !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .metro-btn-reset-map {
  background-color: #1e293b !important;
  border-color: #475569 !important;
  color: #f8fafc !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .metro-btn-reset-map i {
  color: #38bdf8 !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .metro-btn-reset-map:hover {
  background-color: #0284c7 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .metro-btn-reset-map:hover i {
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

/* Vector Map Viewport */
.metro-map-canvas {
  width: 100%;
  height: 420px;
  position: relative;
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.jvm-container {
  background-color: transparent !important;
}
.jvm-tooltip {
  background-color: #0f172a !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  border-radius: 6px !important;
  padding: 6px 10px !important;
  font-size: 12px !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) !important;
  border: 1px solid #334155 !important;
}

/* Legend */
.metro-map-legend {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  padding-top: 0.85rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}
.metro-legend-left {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.metro-legend-label {
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
}
.metro-legend-pill {
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.metro-legend-none {
  background: #e2e8f0;
  color: #475569;
}
.metro-legend-max {
  background: #0284c7;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.metro-legend-gradient-bar {
  width: 100px;
  height: 10px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #bae6fd, #0284c7);
}
.metro-legend-note {
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-style: italic;
}

/* Rankings Card */
.metro-rankings-card {
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.metro-rankings-card__header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-rankings-card__header h3 {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.metro-badge-pill {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.55rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-full);
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.metro-country-rankings-scroll {
  flex-grow: 1;
  max-height: 420px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  padding-right: 4px;
}
.metro-country-rank-item {
  padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
}
.metro-country-rank-item:hover {
  background: var(--metro-primary-light);
  border-color: var(--metro-primary);
  transform: translateX(3px);
}
.metro-country-rank-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.metro-country-rank-left {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  min-width: 0;
}
.metro-country-rank-num {
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--metro-text-subtle);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}
.metro-country-code-badge {
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  background: var(--metro-border);
  color: var(--metro-text);
  padding: 0.1rem 0.35rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
}
.metro-country-name {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  max-width: 130px;
}
.metro-progress {
  width: 100%;
  height: 5px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: var(--metro-border);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.metro-progress-bar {
  height: 100%;
  background: var(--metro-primary);
  border-radius: 3px;
  transition: width 0.3s ease;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .metro-author-stats-row {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
  .metro-map-and-rankings-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .metro-author-stats-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .metro-map-canvas {
    height: 320px;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   17. METRO AUTHENTICATION & LOGIN PORTAL (MATCHING SEARCH STYLE)
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-page-login {
  background: transparent !important;
  border: none !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}
.metro-auth-wrapper {
  max-width: 520px;
  margin: 1.5rem auto 3rem;
}
.metro-auth-wrapper--wide {
  max-width: 680px !important;
}
.metro-auth-fieldset {
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  padding: 1.25rem 1.35rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.metro-auth-legend {
  font-size: 0.925rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.35rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}
.metro-auth-legend i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
}
.metro-auth-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .metro-auth-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}
.metro-auth-card {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 2.25rem 2rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow);
}
.metro-auth-card__header {
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  text-align: center;
}
.metro-auth-card__header h1 {
  font-size: 1.45rem !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em !important;
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0.25rem !important;
  justify-content: center;
  border-bottom: none !important;
  padding-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.metro-auth-subtitle {
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.metro-auth-notice, .metro-auth-error {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.metro-auth-notice {
  background: var(--metro-primary-light);
  color: var(--metro-primary-dark);
  border: 1px solid rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}
.metro-auth-error {
  background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.1);
  color: #dc2626;
  border: 1px solid rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.25);
}
.metro-auth-form {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}
.metro-form-group {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}
.metro-form-label {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--metro-text);
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.metro-form-label i {
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}
.metro-form-label-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.metro-forgot-link {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
.metro-forgot-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}
.metro-input-icon-wrap {
  position: relative;
}
.metro-input-icon {
  position: absolute;
  left: 1rem;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  color: var(--metro-text-subtle);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.metro-auth-input {
  width: 100% !important;
  height: 3rem !important;
  min-height: 3rem !important;
  padding-left: 2.75rem !important;
  padding-right: 1rem !important;
  font-size: 0.95rem !important;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius) !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  background-color: #ffffff !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
  transition: all 0.15s ease !important;
}
.metro-auth-input:focus {
  border-color: var(--metro-primary) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--metro-primary-light) !important;
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .metro-auth-input {
  background-color: #111827 !important;
  color: #f8fafc !important;
  border-color: #374151 !important;
}
.metro-form-check {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0.1rem 0;
}
.metro-check-label {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  cursor: pointer;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.metro-check-input {
  width: 1rem !important;
  height: 1rem !important;
  min-height: 0 !important;
  accent-color: var(--metro-primary);
  margin: 0 !important;
}
.metro-auth-submit {
  width: 100% !important;
  height: 3.1rem !important;
  font-size: 0.95rem !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35) !important;
}
.metro-auth-card__footer {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding-top: 1.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
}
.metro-register-link {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--metro-primary);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}
.metro-register-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   18. GLOBAL HEADINGS RESCALING (TIGHT & COMPACT TYPOGRAPHY)
   ========================================================================== */
h1 {
  font-size: 1.45rem !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em !important;
  line-height: 1.25 !important;
  margin-top: 0 !important;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem !important;
}
h2 {
  font-size: 1.2rem !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em !important;
  line-height: 1.3 !important;
  margin-top: 1.25rem !important;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem !important;
}
h3 {
  font-size: 1.05rem !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em !important;
  line-height: 1.35 !important;
  margin-top: 0.85rem !important;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem !important;
}
.page > h1, .page_about > h1, .pkp_page_content > h1, h1.page_title {
  font-size: 1.45rem !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em !important;
  line-height: 1.25 !important;
  margin-top: 0 !important;
  margin-bottom: 1rem !important;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem !important;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--metro-border) !important;
}
.page h2, .page_about h2, .page .content h2 {
  font-size: 1.18rem !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em !important;
  line-height: 1.3 !important;
  margin-top: 1.25rem !important;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem !important;
  padding-bottom: 0.35rem !important;
}
.page h3, .page_about h3, .page .content h3 {
  font-size: 1.025rem !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em !important;
  line-height: 1.35 !important;
  margin-top: 0.85rem !important;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem !important;
}
p {
  margin-top: 0 !important;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem !important;
  line-height: 1.65 !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   19. FINAL ARTICLE VIEW OVERRIDES
   ========================================================================== */
.metro-page-article {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
}
.metro-page-article > .metro-breadcrumb-shell {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-article-view {
  padding: 0;
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-article-view__header,
.metro-page-article .metro-article-view__authors-section {
  background: var(--metro-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--metro-border);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  padding: 1.35rem 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--metro-shadow-sm);
}
.metro-page-article .metro-article-view__header {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-article-view__header h1.metro-article-view__title {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  border: 0 !important;
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3vw, 2.05rem) !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em !important;
  line-height: 1.28 !important;
  color: var(--metro-text) !important;
  display: block !important;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-article-view__subtitle {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  border: 0 !important;
  font-size: 1rem !important;
  font-weight: 500 !important;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted) !important;
  line-height: 1.5 !important;
  display: block !important;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-article-view__badges {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-article-view__doi {
  max-width: 100%;
}

.metro-page-article .metro-article-authors-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin: 0;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-article-view__authors-section {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-author-card {
  background: var(--metro-surface-alt);
  border-color: var(--metro-border);
}
.metro-page-article .metro-author-card .country {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-author-card .country i {
  color: #ef4444;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-author-card {
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-author-card__info {
  min-width: 0;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-author-card__info .affiliation,
.metro-page-article .metro-author-card__info .userGroup,
.metro-page-article .metro-author-card__info .orcid {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.metro-page-article .metro-article-view__body {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.55fr) minmax(275px, 0.85fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-section-card {
  padding: 1.25rem 1.35rem;
  margin: 0;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--metro-primary);
  border-radius: var(--metro-radius-lg);
  background: var(--metro-surface);
}
.metro-page-article .metro-card-heading,
.metro-page-article .metro-section-card h2.label {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem !important;
  padding: 0 0 0.5rem !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border) !important;
  font-size: 1rem !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
  line-height: 1.3 !important;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-prose {
  font-size: 0.925rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: var(--metro-text-muted);
}
.metro-page-article .metro-prose p {
  color: inherit;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-references-list {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-references-raw {
  white-space: pre-wrap;
}

.metro-page-article .metro-article-view__side {
  gap: 1rem;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-side-box {
  padding: 1rem;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-side-box h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem !important;
  padding: 0 0 0.45rem !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--metro-border) !important;
  font-size: 0.925rem !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
  line-height: 1.3 !important;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-article-view__side {
  position: sticky;
  top: 7.5rem;
  align-self: start;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-side-box--galleys {
  position: static;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-galleys-stack .metro-galley-btn {
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 2.65rem;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
}
.metro-page-article .metro-citation-text,
.metro-page-article .metro-license-terms,
.metro-page-article .metro-copyright-holder {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.metro-page-article .citation_format_options select {
  width: 100% !important;
  min-height: 2.5rem !important;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.metro-page-article .downloads_chart {
  margin-top: 0;
}
.metro-page-article .downloads_chart canvas {
  max-width: 100%;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .metro-page-article .metro-article-view__body {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 260px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .metro-page-article .metro-article-view {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  .metro-page-article .metro-article-view__body {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .metro-page-article .metro-article-view__side,
  .metro-page-article .metro-side-box--galleys {
    position: static;
  }
  .metro-page-article .metro-article-authors-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .metro-page-article .metro-article-view__header h1.metro-article-view__title {
    font-size: 1.35rem !important;
  }
  .metro-page-article .metro-article-view__badges {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.4rem;
  }
  .metro-page-article .metro-author-card {
    align-items: flex-start;
  }
  .metro-page-article .metro-keywords-list {
    align-items: stretch;
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  .metro-page-article .metro-keyword-tag {
    width: 100%;
  }
}