EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN HIGH SCHOOLS BY PROSPECTIVE GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING TEACHERS THROUGH PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN THE COURSE ON GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Abstract

This study explores the challenges and strategies of guidance and counseling (GC) services in inclusive high schools, particularly within the context of Project-Based Learning (PBL) in secondary education. Inclusive education aims to ensure equal access for all students, including those with special needs; however, its implementation at the secondary level remains complex due to limited teacher competence, a lack of understanding of student diversity, and insufficient support systems. This research aims to analyze how prospective GC teachers understand and respond to these challenges through project-based learning experiences. The study employs a qualitative design using document analysis as the primary method. Data were collected from project reports produced by sixth-semester Guidance and Counseling students at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Riau. The data were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes. The findings reveal that challenges and strategies can be categorized into four components of the Guidance and Counseling program: basic services, individual planning and specialization, responsive services, and system support. Key issues include students’ lack of awareness of inclusivity, limited initial assessment data, difficulties with emotional regulation, and weak collaboration with stakeholders. Corresponding strategies emphasize psychoeducation, individualized assessment, integrative counseling approaches, and strengthened collaboration among teachers, parents, and external professionals. This study contributes to enhancing the competence of future Guidance and Counseling teachers and provides practical insights for strengthening inclusive practices in schools, particularly through experiential learning approaches such as PBL.