RISK MANAGEMENT OF EXCAVATION WORKS BENEATH SLOPES

Abstract

Excavation work beneath slopes is one of the construction activities that carries a high level of risk due to the potential for slope instability and occupational accidents. This study aims to analyze the risks associated with excavation work beneath slopes using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach utilizing secondary data, including scientific literature, technical standards, and occupational health and safety (OHS) regulations. The analysis is conducted through stages of hazard identification, risk assessment based on likelihood and severity, and the determination of appropriate risk control measures. The results indicate that most identified hazards fall into the high-risk category, particularly those related to slope failure, excavation wall collapse, saturated soil conditions, high rainfall intensity, and inadequate supervision and work procedures. Geotechnical factors, such as soil conditions and slope geometry, are identified as the primary causes of instability, further exacerbated by operational and managerial factors in the field. Effective risk control measures include the implementation of slope reinforcement, proper drainage systems, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), the establishment of standard operating procedures (SOPs), and enhanced supervision. This study demonstrates that the application of the HIRARC method needs to be integrated with geotechnical analysis to achieve more comprehensive risk management. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for construction practitioners and stakeholders in improving occupational safety in excavation work beneath slopes.