MULTICULTURAL, INCLUSIVE, AND CULTURALLY DIVERSE EDUCATION THROUGH A LIVING CURRICULUM: A CASE STUDY IN GREEN SCHOOL BALI

Abstract

Increasing cultural heterogeneity in contemporary education systems poses significant challenges for developing curriculum policy that is simultaneously multicultural, inclusive, and contextually responsive. Existing approaches often remain fragmented, treating diversity, inclusion, and sustainability education as separate domains while insufficiently incorporating local knowledge systems. This study examines how a living curriculum model implemented by Green School Bali contributes to the reconceptualization of curriculum policy as an eco-spiritual and adaptive curriculum framework. A qualitative case study design was employed at Green School Bali. Data collection involved in-depth interviews with curriculum leaders and educators and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns in governance, pedagogical practices, and the integration of cultural and ecological values within environmental education. The findings suggest that the curriculum operates as a dynamic and adaptive system characterized by strong teacher agency and continuous engagement with environmental and community contexts. Learning processes emphasize experiential and place-based learning, fostering intercultural understanding and inclusive participation. Local philosophical frameworks, including Tri Hita Karana and Sad Kerthi, are embedded in practice, integrating spiritual, social, and ecological dimensions. This approach supports holistic learner development, including cultural awareness, environmental responsibility, and ethical engagement. Despite these strengths, challenges remain in maintaining curriculum coherence, addressing linguistic diversity, and ensuring consistency within decentralized governance contexts. This study advances an eco-spiritual and adaptive framework for curriculum policy, offering a context-sensitive model for strengthening multicultural, inclusive, and sustainability-oriented education.