ANALISIS DAYA HIDUP DAN PERTUMBUHAN BENIH BIJI MARGA Shorea ROXB. EX C.F.GAERTN. DI PERSEMAIAN
Keywords:
Shorea, Shorea, germination rate,, Gunung Palung
Abstract
Deforestation in Kalimantan island made 17 million hectares of primary forest loss in the last 40 years. The forest restoration project needs native species seedlings from the previous tree on the damaged forest. The aim of this study to determine the germination and growth of the types of Shorea obtained from TNGP. This study used 38,728 seeds from four species of the Shorea genus: red meranti (Shorea leprosula), Tengkawang (Shorea macrophylla), white meranti (Shorea agami), and belabak (Shorea quadrinervis) obtained from forests near reforestation sites. The result show the average germination rate is 80%. The highest germination rate from the Shorea quadrinervis was 98.7%. We found that the growth of the Shorea genus from seeds was ready for planting in a period of 4 - 5 months.
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References
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ashton, P. (1998a). Shorea macrophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T33620A9798047. Retrieved November 19, 2019, from http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33620A9798047.en
Ashton, P. (1998b). Shorea quadrinervis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T33695A9798202. Retrieved November 19, 1998, from http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33695A9798202.en
Becker, E. (2018). September 2018 ENSO Update: back to school. Retrieved November 14, 2019, from https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/september-2018-enso-update-back-school
Cahyono, D. D. N., & Rayan. (2012a). Perbandingan semai empat provenans Shorea Gysbertsiana BURCK di persemaian. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa, 6(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.20886/jped.2012.6.1.67-73
Cahyono, D. D. N., & Rayan. (2012b). Pertumbuhan semai Shorea leprosula Miq. dari berbagai pohon induk asal Kalimantan Barat di persemaian. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa, 6(1), 21–29.
Crowther, T. W., Glick, H., Maynard, D., Ashley-Cantello, W., Evans, T., & Routh, D. (2017). Predicting Global Forest Reforestation Potential. BioRxiv, 210062. https://doi.org/10.1101/210062
Curran, L. M., & Leighton, M. (2000). Vertebrate responses to spatiotemporal variation in seed production of mast-fruiting Dipterocarpaceae. Ecological Monographs, 70(1), 101–128. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2000)070[0101:VRTSVI]2.0.CO;2
Curran, L. M., Trigg, S. N., Mcdonald, a K., & Astiani, D. (2004). Lowland Forest Loss in Protected Areas. Terra, 303(February), 1000–1003. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1091714
Elliott, S. D., Blakesley, D., & Hardwick, K. (2013). Restoring tropical forests : a practical guide. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Fawzi, N. I., Indrayani, A. M., & DeKay, K. (2019). Forest Change Monitoring and Environmental Impact in Gunung Palung National Park , West Kalimantan , Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 17(2), 197–204. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.17.2.197-204
Gaveau, D. L. A., Locatelli, B., Salim, M. A., Yaen, H., Pacheco, P., & Sheil, D. (2019). Rise and fall of forest loss and industrial plantations in Borneo (2000-2017). Conservation Letters, 12(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12622
Gaveau, D. L. A., Sloan, S., Molidena, E., Yaen, H., Sheil, D., Abram, N. K., … Meijaard, E. (2014). Four decades of forest persistence, clearance and logging on Borneo. PLoS ONE, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101654
Hardjana, A. K., & Rayan. (2011). Pertumbuhan bibit tengkawang (Shorea spp) asal biji dari populasi hutan alam Kalimantan di persemaian B2PD Samarinda. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa, 5(2), 61–72.
Helms, J. A., Woerner, C. R., Fawzi, N. I., MacDonald, A., Juliansyah, Pohnan, E., & Webb, K. (2018). Rapid Response of Bird Communities to Small-Scale Reforestation in Indonesian Borneo. Tropical Conservation Science, 11, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082918769460
Herdiana, N., Hakim, L. A., & Mulyadi, K. (2008). Pengaruh dosis dan frekuensi aplikasi pemupukan NPK terhadap pertumbuhan bibit Shorea ovalis Korth. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Dan Konservasi Alam, 5(3), 289–296. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2008.5.3.289-296
Junaedi, A. (2012). Pengaruh kompos dan pupuk NPK terhadap peningkatan kualitas bibit cabutan Shorea leprosula Miq. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Dan Konservasi Alam, 9(4), 373–383. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2012.9.4.373-383
Niiyama, K., Lida, S., Kimura, K., Sato, T., Azizi, R., & Rahman, K. A. (2016). Survivorship of Shorea cutrisii seedlings in a hill dipterocarp forest, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 28, 334–341.
Ode, M. D. L. (2012). Etnis Cina Indonesia dalam Politik: Politik Etnis Cina dan Singkawang di era Reformasi 1998-2008. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=S6fUCwAAQBAJ
Otsamo, R., Ådjers, G., Kuusipalo, J., Otsamo, A., Susilo, N., & Tuomela, K. (1996). Effect of nursery practices on seed germination of selected dipterocarp species. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 9(1), 23–34.
Pohnan, E., Ompusunggu, H., & Webb, C. (2015). Does tree planting change minds? Assessing the use of community participation in reforestation to address illegal logging in West Kalimantan. Tropical Conservation Science, 8(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291500800107
Pooma, R., & Newman, M. F. (2017). Shorea leprosula. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T33123A2833148. Retrieved November 19, 2019, from http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T33123A2833148.en
Salafsky, N. (1994). Forest gardens in the Gunung Palung region of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Agroforestry Systems, 28(3), 237–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00704759
Setiawan, A., Mardhiansyah, M., & Sibudiani, E. (2015). Respon Pertumbuhan Semai Meranti Tembaha (Shorea leprosula Miq.) pada Medium Campuran Topsoil dan Kompos dengan Berbagai Tingkat Naungan. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Faperta, 2(2).
Sloan, S., Locatelli, B., Wooster, M. J., & Gaveau, D. L. A. (2017). Fire activity in Borneo driven by industrial land conversion and drought during El Niño periods, 1982–2010. Global Environmental Change, 47, 95–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.10.001
Turner, I. M. (1990). The seedling survivorship and growth of three Shorea species in a Malaysian tropical rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 6, 469–478.
Wadley, R. L. (2006). Community Cooperatives, ‘Illegal’ Logging and Regional Autonomy in the Borderlands of West Kalimantan. In F. M. Cooke (Ed.), Asia-Pacific Environment Monograph 1: State, Communities and Forests in Contemporary Borneo (pp. 111–132). Canberra, Australia: Australian National University E Press.
Zamzani, F., Onda, N., Yoshino, K., & Masuda, M. (2009). Deforestation and agricultural expansion processes in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 15(1), 24–31.
Ashton, P. (1998a). Shorea macrophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T33620A9798047. Retrieved November 19, 2019, from http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33620A9798047.en
Ashton, P. (1998b). Shorea quadrinervis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T33695A9798202. Retrieved November 19, 1998, from http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33695A9798202.en
Becker, E. (2018). September 2018 ENSO Update: back to school. Retrieved November 14, 2019, from https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/september-2018-enso-update-back-school
Cahyono, D. D. N., & Rayan. (2012a). Perbandingan semai empat provenans Shorea Gysbertsiana BURCK di persemaian. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa, 6(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.20886/jped.2012.6.1.67-73
Cahyono, D. D. N., & Rayan. (2012b). Pertumbuhan semai Shorea leprosula Miq. dari berbagai pohon induk asal Kalimantan Barat di persemaian. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa, 6(1), 21–29.
Crowther, T. W., Glick, H., Maynard, D., Ashley-Cantello, W., Evans, T., & Routh, D. (2017). Predicting Global Forest Reforestation Potential. BioRxiv, 210062. https://doi.org/10.1101/210062
Curran, L. M., & Leighton, M. (2000). Vertebrate responses to spatiotemporal variation in seed production of mast-fruiting Dipterocarpaceae. Ecological Monographs, 70(1), 101–128. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2000)070[0101:VRTSVI]2.0.CO;2
Curran, L. M., Trigg, S. N., Mcdonald, a K., & Astiani, D. (2004). Lowland Forest Loss in Protected Areas. Terra, 303(February), 1000–1003. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1091714
Elliott, S. D., Blakesley, D., & Hardwick, K. (2013). Restoring tropical forests : a practical guide. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Fawzi, N. I., Indrayani, A. M., & DeKay, K. (2019). Forest Change Monitoring and Environmental Impact in Gunung Palung National Park , West Kalimantan , Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 17(2), 197–204. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.17.2.197-204
Gaveau, D. L. A., Locatelli, B., Salim, M. A., Yaen, H., Pacheco, P., & Sheil, D. (2019). Rise and fall of forest loss and industrial plantations in Borneo (2000-2017). Conservation Letters, 12(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12622
Gaveau, D. L. A., Sloan, S., Molidena, E., Yaen, H., Sheil, D., Abram, N. K., … Meijaard, E. (2014). Four decades of forest persistence, clearance and logging on Borneo. PLoS ONE, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101654
Hardjana, A. K., & Rayan. (2011). Pertumbuhan bibit tengkawang (Shorea spp) asal biji dari populasi hutan alam Kalimantan di persemaian B2PD Samarinda. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa, 5(2), 61–72.
Helms, J. A., Woerner, C. R., Fawzi, N. I., MacDonald, A., Juliansyah, Pohnan, E., & Webb, K. (2018). Rapid Response of Bird Communities to Small-Scale Reforestation in Indonesian Borneo. Tropical Conservation Science, 11, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082918769460
Herdiana, N., Hakim, L. A., & Mulyadi, K. (2008). Pengaruh dosis dan frekuensi aplikasi pemupukan NPK terhadap pertumbuhan bibit Shorea ovalis Korth. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Dan Konservasi Alam, 5(3), 289–296. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2008.5.3.289-296
Junaedi, A. (2012). Pengaruh kompos dan pupuk NPK terhadap peningkatan kualitas bibit cabutan Shorea leprosula Miq. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Dan Konservasi Alam, 9(4), 373–383. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2012.9.4.373-383
Niiyama, K., Lida, S., Kimura, K., Sato, T., Azizi, R., & Rahman, K. A. (2016). Survivorship of Shorea cutrisii seedlings in a hill dipterocarp forest, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 28, 334–341.
Ode, M. D. L. (2012). Etnis Cina Indonesia dalam Politik: Politik Etnis Cina dan Singkawang di era Reformasi 1998-2008. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=S6fUCwAAQBAJ
Otsamo, R., Ådjers, G., Kuusipalo, J., Otsamo, A., Susilo, N., & Tuomela, K. (1996). Effect of nursery practices on seed germination of selected dipterocarp species. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 9(1), 23–34.
Pohnan, E., Ompusunggu, H., & Webb, C. (2015). Does tree planting change minds? Assessing the use of community participation in reforestation to address illegal logging in West Kalimantan. Tropical Conservation Science, 8(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291500800107
Pooma, R., & Newman, M. F. (2017). Shorea leprosula. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T33123A2833148. Retrieved November 19, 2019, from http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T33123A2833148.en
Salafsky, N. (1994). Forest gardens in the Gunung Palung region of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Agroforestry Systems, 28(3), 237–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00704759
Setiawan, A., Mardhiansyah, M., & Sibudiani, E. (2015). Respon Pertumbuhan Semai Meranti Tembaha (Shorea leprosula Miq.) pada Medium Campuran Topsoil dan Kompos dengan Berbagai Tingkat Naungan. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Faperta, 2(2).
Sloan, S., Locatelli, B., Wooster, M. J., & Gaveau, D. L. A. (2017). Fire activity in Borneo driven by industrial land conversion and drought during El Niño periods, 1982–2010. Global Environmental Change, 47, 95–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.10.001
Turner, I. M. (1990). The seedling survivorship and growth of three Shorea species in a Malaysian tropical rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 6, 469–478.
Wadley, R. L. (2006). Community Cooperatives, ‘Illegal’ Logging and Regional Autonomy in the Borderlands of West Kalimantan. In F. M. Cooke (Ed.), Asia-Pacific Environment Monograph 1: State, Communities and Forests in Contemporary Borneo (pp. 111–132). Canberra, Australia: Australian National University E Press.
Zamzani, F., Onda, N., Yoshino, K., & Masuda, M. (2009). Deforestation and agricultural expansion processes in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 15(1), 24–31.
