PEMANFAATAN CHATBOT BERBASIS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PADA SISTEM E-LEARNING: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31849/9tjzez17Keywords:
Chatbot, Artificial Intelligence, E-learning, Pembelajaran Digital, Pendidikan TinggiAbstract
Pemanfaatan chatbot berbasis Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam sistem e-learning pada pendidikan tinggi semakin berkembang sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas interaksi dan personalisasi pembelajaran digital. Namun, kajian yang secara sistematis mengintegrasikan klasifikasi chatbot, dampak implementasi, serta tantangan penggunaannya dalam konteks pendidikan tinggi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran chatbot berbasis AI dalam sistem e-learning melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Proses penelitian dilakukan dengan mengadopsi metode PRISMA yang meliputi tahap identifikasi, penyaringan, evaluasi kelayakan, dan seleksi artikel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Dari proses tersebut, diperoleh 17 artikel relevan yang dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa chatbot dalam e-learning diklasifikasikan ke dalam beberapa peran utama, yaitu sebagai tutor virtual, asisten akademik, FAQ chatbot, dan adaptive chatbot, dengan pendekatan teknologi yang didominasi oleh Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning, dan Large Language Model (LLM). Implementasi chatbot terbukti memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan keterlibatan (engagement), motivasi belajar, serta efektivitas pembelajaran, meskipun pengaruh terhadap performa akademik masih menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi. Tantangan utama yang ditemukan meliputi keterbatasan pemahaman konteks, ketergantungan pada kualitas data pelatihan, serta keterbatasan adaptasi sistem terhadap kebutuhan pengguna. Dengan demikian, chatbot berbasis AI memiliki potensi signifikan dalam mendukung pembelajaran digital di pendidikan tinggi, namun memerlukan pengembangan lebih lanjut agar implementasinya lebih optimal dan adaptif.
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