Representation of Power through Politeness Strategies in Bridgerton Season 1 Movie

Nur Iva  Amalia; Rohmani Nur Indah; Jessica Yunanda Bahtiar

doi:10.31849/elsya.v5i3.14131

Nur Iva Amalia Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia
Rohmani Nur Indah Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6176-048X
Jessica Yunanda Bahtiar Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6861-6096

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v5i3.14131

Keywords: Authority, Power Representation, Politeness Strategy, Pragmatics, Representation

Abstract

Power can change how people act, how they think, what they do, and what policies they follow. People can reflect their power through the use of politeness strategies in their speech. This study aims to identify the types of politeness strategies and sub-strategies used in characters of Bridgerton Season 1 and explain how power is represented through politeness strategies. Its scenes and dialogue show qualities of decency and strength that need more exploration using the design of descriptive qualitative method. The pragmatic analysis in this study employed the theory of politeness strategy and the representation concept. The findings showed the use of bald on-record strategy, positive and negative politeness strategies, and off-record strategy. In addition, the representations of each strategy involved reflective, inflectional, and constructionist approaches. In the movie, the royal family, which includes kings, queens, princes, and their heirs, performed a symbol of power that plays a role in how power is used. Notably, the royal family serves as the show's symbol of power, highlighting its link to supremacy and authority. It implied that power is a sovereign thing based on authority and sovereignty. As the implication of this study, the future researchers should use sources of information that cover wider contexts.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Nur Iva Amalia, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia

Nur Iva Amalia got her bachelor degree from Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University in the department of English Literature. During her study at the university, she participated in student council handling entrepreneurship and personnel quality divisions, she also took a position in the commissariat management for public relations division which helped her so much in gaining new insights, new relations, teamwork experiences, building the framework of thinking and communication skill, especially public speaking and helping her in how to solve the problem. Her current research interest is on Psycholinguistics and Applied Linguistics.

Rohmani Nur Indah, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia

Rohmani Nur Indah is an associate professor of English Language Teaching. She teaches Psycholinguistics and writing skills at faculty of Humanities in Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. She obtained her doctoral degree at State University of Malang. She also serves as editor in chief of Lingua journal and the managing editor of El Harakah Journal of Islamic Culture. In these positions, she is responsible for ensuring the quality of the content and providing guidance and support to the authors who contribute to them. Her current research deals with language disorder, critical thinking, and rethorical pattern.

Jessica Yunanda Bahtiar, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia

Jessica Yunanda Bahtiar was graduated from English literature of Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang with a passion for digital marketing and SEO skills. Besides linguistics, her passion is in crafting high-quality content and analysing data to drive traffic and engagement. Throughout her academic journey, she has developed strong writing and research skills and also has a keen eye for detail and a deep understanding of how language and communication work. It allows her to create content that resonates with audiences and meets the needs of clients. Her current research interest covers Pragmatics and Psycholinguistics.

References

Afifullah, M. (2022). The Representation of Fatherhood Identity on Netflix Cinema. Journal of Language and Literature, 14(1), 298-313. https://doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v14i1.1713

Aprilia, E., Ritonga, M. H., Riza, F. (2022). Representasi “Ghibah” Dalam Film Tilik (Short Movie 2018). Jurnal Komunikasi dan Budaya, 3(1), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.54895/jkb.v3i1.1357

Aziz, M & Kartika, D. (2021). Refleksi Kekuasaan Dalam Tuturan Ilokusi Perdana Menteri Abe Shinzou tentang Pandemi Covid-19. E-Journal Bung Hatta, 2(3), 1-4. https://ejurnal.bunghatta.ac.id/index.php/JFIB/article/view/19141

Brown, P. & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness Some Universal in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_64421/component/file_2225570/content

Budiardjo, M. (2006). Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Politik. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Daar, G. F., Beratha, N. L. S., Suastra, I. M., & Sukarini, N. W. (2023). The off-record politeness strategy and cultural values of the Belis negotiation speech event: A Sociopragmatic study. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 12(3), 612–622. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v12i3.48746

Eriyanto. (2005). Analisis Framing Konstruksi Ideologi dan Politik Media. Yayasan LKIS.

Fadhillah, D. & Puspita S. (2022). An Analysis of Politeness Strategies in Movie Flipped. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal, 5(3), 18712-18718. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i3.5862

Farhana, S. (2021). An Analysis of Politeness Strategies and the Maxim Violation in a Movie Script of Enola Holmes. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 9(3), 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss3.2961

Fitria, H., Ningrum, D. R., & Suhandoko, S. (2020). Politeness strategies reflected by the main character in “Bridge to Terabithia” movie. Etnolingual, 4(1), 57-70.

Fors, M. (2021). Power Dynamics in the Clinical Situation: A Confluence of Perspectives. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 57(2), 242–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/00107530.2021.1935191

Foucault, M. (1997). Seks dan Kekuasaan: Sejarah Seksualitas. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Guinote, A. (2017). How Power Affects People: Activating, Wanting, and Goal Seeking. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 353–381. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044153

Hakim, M. L., & Novitasari, N. F. (2022). Politeness Strategies Used by the Main Character in the Film Onward. Celtic: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics, 9(2), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v9i2.23436.E-ISSN

Hall, S. (1997). The spectacle of the other. Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices, 7.

Holtgraves, T. (2002). Language as Social Action: Social Psychology and Language Use. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. http://tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume5/ej19/ej19r7/?sa=U&ei=gW4jVKuhBOS07Qa02ICoCg&ved=0CEIQFjAI&usg=AFQjCNHZ6UwJXbjD_h6cOACFS8gqMYtp6w

Khan, T. H., & MacEachen, E. (2021). Foucauldian Discourse Analysis: Moving Beyond a Social Constructionist Analytic. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211018009

Koenig, A. M. (2018). Comparing prescriptive and descriptive gender stereotypes about children, adults, and the elderly. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01086

Leihitu, S. & Veronica T. (2021). A Study of Politeness Strategies Used by Erin Gruwell in Freedom Writers Movie. International Journal of Humanity Studies, 4(2), 221-235. https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.v4i2.3239

Lestari, W. A., & Sembodo, T. J. P. (2019). Request Strategies in the TV Series Victorious. Lexicon, 6(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v6i1.50310

Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press. https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_66467/component/file_66468/content

Li, M., Hickman, L., Tay, L., Ungar, L., & Guntuku, S. C. (2020). Studying Politeness across Cultures using English Twitter and Mandarin Weibo. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 4(CSCW2). https://doi.org/10.1145/3415190

Manstead, A. S. R. (2018). The psychology of social class: How socioeconomic status impacts thought, feelings, and behaviour. British Journal of Social Psychology, 57(2), 267–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12251

Moleong, L. (2005). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Nandarista, I., Widiyanto, M. W., & Yulianti, F. (2023). The effectiveness of imperativeness of imperative sentences on English recipe books to improve reading procedure text to the ninth grades of SMP Agus Salim Semarang Academic Year 2022 / 2023. 1(5), 965–976. https://melatijournal.com/index.php/Metta/article/view/302

Nur, I & Rusdi N. (2019). An Analysis Politeness Strategies in the Directive Uttered by Characters in Big Hero 6 Movie. E-Journal of English Language and Literature. 8(3). 69-75. https://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/ell/article/view/105551

Nur, I. M., & Rosa, R. N. (2019). An analysis politeness strategies in the directive uttered by characters in Big Hero 6 Movie. English Language and Literature, 8(2).

Nurhaipah, T. (2019). Komunikasi Dalam Berhubungan Akrab Berdasarkan Perspektif Manajemen Koordnasi Makna. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi Efek. 3(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.32534/jike.v3i1.879

Piliang, Y. Amir. (2003). Hipersemiotika: Tafsir Cultural Studies Atas Matinya Makna. Jalasutra.

Probosini, N. (2020). Politeness Strategies in The Main Characters of "The Devil Wears Prada" Movie. Jurnal Aspikom, 5(1), 165-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v5i1.516

Putri, S. (2022). Representasi Perempuan Dalam Movie Imperfect Karya Ernest Praksa: Perspektif Stuart Hall [Undergraduate Thesis, Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta]. UNS Yogyakarta Repository. https://digilib.uns.ac.id/dokumen/download/85605/NDc1NzI3/Representasi-Budaya-Patriarki-Penyebab-Ketimpangan-Gender-di-Ranah-Privat-dalam-Film-SELESAI-DAFTAR-PUSTAKA-NABILLA-F.pdf

Riraswati, F. (2021). An Analysis of Positive Politeness Strategy in the Film “Freedom Writers” and Its Educational Value [Undergraduate Thesis, Islamic University Studies of Raden Intan Lampung]. UIN RIL Repository. http://repository.radenintan.ac.id/15064/1/A%20THESIS%201-2.pdf

Rizki, I. (2020). An Analysis of Politeness Strategies in Ratatouille Movie: Pragmatics Approach. Thesis. Batam: Universitas Putera Batam. http://repository.upbatam.ac.id/319/1/cover%20s.d%20bab%20III.pdf

Russell, B. (2013). Education and the social order. Routledge.

Sari, D. (2014). A Sosio-Pragmatics analysis of politeness strategies performed by Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton in the democratic a socio-pragmatics analysis of politeness Hilla 26, 2008. http://eprints.uny.ac.id/19402/1/Dhesta%20Maydiana%20Sari%2009211141017.pdf

Servitia, R. M. (2017). Positive politeness strategies of major character’s utterances in the film Oz The Great and Powerful. Jurnal Ilmiah Bina Bahasa, 10(2), 1–17. https://journal.binadarma.ac.id/index.php/binabahasa/issue/view/1

Siburian, A. (2016). An analysis of politeness strategy in Soimah talkshow in Trans TV. Episteme: Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 2(3), 1–13. https://www.uhn.ac.id/files/akademik_files/1712070403_2016_The%20Episteme%20Journal%20of%20Linguistics%20and%20Literature%20Vol%202%20No%203_1.An%20Analysis%20%20Of%20%20Politeness%20%20Strategy%20-andre.pdf

Siregar, M. (2021). Kritik Terhadap Kekuasaan Pengetahuan Foucault. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 1(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/juispol.v1i1.1560

Soomro, S. A., Kazemian, B., & Mahar, I. H. (2015). The Importance of Culture in Second and Foreign Language Learning. SSRN Electronic Journal, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2656713

Suryanto, B. & Andini K. (2020). Representation of Women Climbers in the Student Association for Environmental. International Journal of Child and Gender Studies, 6(1), 79-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/equality.v6i1.6333

Ulfa, N. (2019). Politeness Strategies and Cooperative Principle in 'Wonder' Movie. International Journal of Innovation and Research, 7(7), 563-573. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.Vol7.Iss7.1596

Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.