Long-term residual effects of biochar from tobacco scraps on red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor) growth in Entisols: a five-year field experiment with urea fertilizer addition
Keywords:
biochar, chlorophyll, Entisol, long-term, residual effects
Abstract
The residual effects of biochar doses on Entisols after five years of application have not received attention. However, there is an assumption that the positive effects of biochar can last longer in the soil. Therefore, field experiments were carried out in polybags to assess the residual impact of applying biochar doses in the fifth year and the addition of urea fertilizer on the growth of red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor) in Entisol. The growing media used in this study was a medium previously used for five years containing biochar in Entisols. This study used a 2-factor randomized block design consisting of residual doses of biochar (3 levels) and the addition of urea fertilizer (2 levels). There was no interaction between biochar and N fertilizer. Application of biochar at a dose of 500 g/polybag gave a better follow-up effect than 250 g/polybag on the growth of red spinach in the fifth year. Chlorophyll content increased with N fertilization. Applying biochar in the fifth year and N fertilization positively impacted the growth of red spinach in Entisol. Spinach yield increased 30% at the remaining dose of biochar 500 g/polybag and 52% with N fertilization. Within five years, using higher doses of biochar and adding urea will result in better growth of red spinach in Entisol.
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References
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Anggraini, R. D. F. N., Nuraini. Y. dan Prayogo, C. 2017. Efek residu biochar pemupukan NPK berbasis ammonium dan nitrat terhadap ketersediaan hara, kelimpahan bakteri serta pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 4 (1): 481-492. https://jtsl.ub.ac.id/imdex.php/jtsl/article/view/162
Apori, S.O., John, B., and Gideon, K.M. 2021. Residual effects of corncob biochar on tropical degraded soil in central Uganda. Environ Syst Res, 10 (35): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-021-00235-3
Bahri, S., D. Budianta, dan Munandar. 2016. Perubahan beberapa sifat fisik kimia tanah dengan pemberian biochar dan pupuk kandang ayam pada tanah Ultisol. Jurnal Klorofil, 11 (2): 77-84. https://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/klorofil/article/view/431/392
Bayu, P., Efrain. P, dan Sarwono. 2013. Pengaruh cara penanaman dan dosis pupuk urea terhadap hasil dan pertumbuhan tanaman bayam (Amaranthus L.) Unisri Surakarta. Jurnal Inovasi Pertanian, 12 (2): 48-51. https://ejurnal.unisri.ac.id./index.php/innofarm/article/download/796/661
Blanco-Canqui, H. 2017. Biochar and soil physical properties. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 81(4): 687–711. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2017.01.0017
Clough, T. J., Condron, L. M., Kammann. C., and Muller, C. 2013. A review of biochar and soil Nitrogen dynamics. Journal Agronomy, 3 (3): 275-293. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3020275.
Damanik, M., M. B. Bachtiar., E. H. Fauzi., Sarifuddin, dan H. Hanum. 2011. Kesuburan tanah dan pemupukan. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Press. Medan.
Dume, B., D. Ayele., A. Regassa, dan G. Berecha. 2017. Improving available phosphorus in acidic soil using biochar. Journal Soil Sci Environment Manag, 8 (4): 87-94. https://doi.org/10.5897/JSSEM2015.0540
Fatmawati, T., Muharam. M, dan Wagiono, W. 2021. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik cair cangkang telur ayam boiler dan pupuk anorganik urea terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) varietas mira. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 7 (6): 38-45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5548933
Firman, M. Z. 2017. Pengaruh residu biochar terhadap beberapa sifat kimia tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) pada tanah Ultisol musim tanam ke-4. Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung.
Frimpong, K. A., Phares, C. A., Boateng, I., Abban, Baidoo, E., and Apuri, L. 2020. One-time application of biochar influenced crop yield across three cropping cycles on tropical sandy loam soil in Ghana. Heliyon, 7(2): e06267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06267
Furidah, N. 2018. Peran keanekaragaman hayati untuk mendukung Indonesia sebagai lumbung pangan dunia. Pros Sem Nas, 2 (1): 239-246. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/index.php/semnas
Gani dan Anischan. 2009. Arang hayati biochar sebagai komponen teknologi perbaikan produktivitas lahan pertanian. Iptek Tanaman Pangan, 4 (1): 33-48.
Gaol, S. K. L, Hanum. H, dan Sitanggang, G. 2014. Pemberian zeolite dan pupuk kalium untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan hara K dan pertumbuhan kedelai Entisol. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi, 2 (3): 1151-1159. https://media.neliti.com/media/publication/10053-ID-pemberian-zeolit-dan-pupuk-kalium-untuk.pdf
Hale, S. E., V. Alling., V. Martinsen., J. Mulder., G. D. Breedveld, and G. Cornelissen. 2013. The sorption and desorption of phosphate-P, ammonium-N and nitraten in cacao shell and corn cob biochars. Journal Chemosphere, 9 (11): 1612-1619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.057
Iskandar dan Rofiatin. 2017. Karakteristik biochar berdasarkan jenis biomassa dan parameter proses pirolisis. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 12 (1): 30-33. https://doi.org/10.33005/tekkim.v12i1.843
Jien, S. H. and Wang, C. S. 2013.Effects of biochar on soil properties and erosion potential in a highly weathered soil. Caten, 110: 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catenz.2013.06.021
Joseph, S., Graber, E., Chia, C., Munroe, P., Donne, S., Thomas, T., Nielsen, S., Marjo, C., Rutlidge, H., Pan, G., Li, L., Taylor, P., Rawal, A., and Hook, J., 2013. Shifting paradigms: Development of high-efficiency biochar fertilizers based on nano-structures and soluble components. Carbon Manag, 4 (3):323–343. https://doi.org/10.4155/cmt.13.23
Karyati, T. 2004. Pengaruh penggunaan mulsa dan pupuk Urea terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi cabai merah (Capsicum annum L.). Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Ilmu Pertanian, 12 (1): 56-64. https://lldikti1.kemendikbud.go.id/jurnal/index.php/bip/article/view
Laird, D.A., Fleming, P., Davis, D.D., Horton, R., Wang, B., and Karlen, D.L. 2010. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma, 158(3–4): 443–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013
Latuponu, H., Shiddie, D., A. Syukur, dan E. Hanuddin. 2011. Pengaruh biochar dari limbah sagu terhadap pelindian nitrogen di lahan kering masam. Jurnal Agronomika, 11 (2): 144-145.
Lehmann J, and Joseph S,.2015. Biochar for environmental management: science, technology and implementation. Routledge.
Nurida, N. L. 2009. Efisikasi formula pembenah tanah biochar berbagai bentuk (serbuk, granula, dan pelet) dalam meningkatkan kualitas lahan kering masam terdegradasi. Bogor. Balai Penelitian Tanah.
Nurida, N. L, A. Dariah, dan A. Rachman. 2013. Peningkatan kualitas tanah dengan pembenah tanah biochar limbah pertanian. Jurnal Tanah Dan Iklim, 37 (2): 69-78. https://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/11027
Pudyartono. 2009. Pengaruh media tanam dan pemupukan urea terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi sawi (Brassica juncea L.). Jurnal Saintis, 1 (1): 59-66. https://e-jurnal.unisda.ac.id/index.php/saintis/article/view/137/877
Rizwan M, Ali, S., Abbas, T., Adrees, M., Zia-ur-Rehman M., Ibrahim, M., Abbas, F., Qayyum, M.F., and Nawaz, R. 2018. Residual effects of biochar on growth, pho- tosynthesis and cadmium uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Cd stress with different water conditions. Journal Environ Manage, 206: 676–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.035
Rohmaliah, E. 2013. Pengaruh pemupukan nitrogen dan pupuk kandang ayam terhadap produksi daun tanaman dewa (Glynura piseudochina L.). Skripsi. Fakultas pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Rondon, M. A., Lehmann, J. Ramirez, dan Hurtado, M. 2007. Biological nitrogen fixation by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) increases with biochar additions. Biology and Fertility Soils, 43(6): 699-708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-006-0152-z#citeas
Rosidi, A., Mulyati, dan Sukartono. 2018. Evaluasi pengaruh residu biochar dan dosis nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kedelai (Glycine max. L. Merill.) pada tanah bertekstur lempung berpasir. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mataram. Jurnal Ilmiah Budidaya, 9 (1): 1-8. https://cropagro.unram.ac.id/index.php/caj/article/view/128
Rosliana, R. dan Sumarni, N. 2005. Budidaya tanaman sayuran dengan sistem hidroponik. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayur. Jurnal Monografi, 27 (1): 22-23. https://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789
Sahari, P. 2012. Pengaruh jenis Urea dan pupuk kandang terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman krokat landa (Talinum triangulare willd). Jurnal Ilmiah Agrineca, 7 (1): 36-42. https://doi.org/1036728/afp.v7i1.9
Saito, M. dan Marumoto, T. 2012. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: the status quo in Japan and the future prospects. Journal Plant and Soil, 24 (4): 273-279. https://doi.org/10.1020287900415
Sari, P. dan Emma. 2013. Formulasi pupuk nitrogen lambat tersedia dari bahan Urea, Zeolit, serta asam humat dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan jagung (Tesis). Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Sarifuddin., Damanik, A. R. B, dan Hanum, H. 2013. Dinamika N-NH4+ dan N-NO3- akibat pemberian pupuk Urea dan CaCaO3 pada tanah inceptisol kwala bekala dan kaitannya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 2 (3): 100-326. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/100326-ID-none.pdf.
Siringoringo, H. H. dan Siregar, C. A. 2011. Pengaruh aplikasi arang terhadap pertumbuhan awal michelia montana blume dan perubahan sifat kesuburan tanah pada tipe tanah Latosol. Pusat Litbang Konservasi dan Rehabilitasi. Bogor. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam, 8 (1): 65-85. https://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index-php/JPHKA/article/download/1040/965
Soepardi, G. 2013. Sifat dan ciri tanah. Departemen ilmu-ilmu tanah. Fakultas Pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. 591 hal.
Supriyanto dan Fiona, F. 2010. Pemanfaatan arang sekam untuk memperbaiki pertumbuhan semai jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq) pada media subsoil. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 01 (01) : 24-28. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jsilvik/article/download/4134/2824
Suryani, M. 2013. Perubahan sifat kimia tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman caisim (Branssica juncea L.) akibat pemberian biochar pada tanah topsoil dan sub- soil tanah Ultisol. Pros Sem Nas, Universitas Lampung, 13 (1): 23-24. https://repostory.lppm.unila.ac.id/7036/1/ainin%20dkk%20proseding%20bks%202017.pdf
Triawirda, N. Musah, dan F. Zakaria. 2013. Pengaruh pupuk organik pada terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi hijau (Brasicca juncea L.). Skripsi. Program Studi Agroteknologi. Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian. Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Gorontalo.
Yuan, J.H., Xu, R.K., and Zhang, H. 2011. The forms of alkalis in the biochar pro- duced from crop residues at different temperatures. Biores Technol, 102(3):3488–3497. https://doi.org/j.biotech.201011.018.
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Published
2023-06-08
How to Cite
Koreh, A. A., Widowati, & Julianto, R. P. D. (2023). Long-term residual effects of biochar from tobacco scraps on red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor) growth in Entisols: a five-year field experiment with urea fertilizer addition. Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 20(2), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.31849/jip.v20i2.13451
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Original Articles
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